Journal ArticleDOI
Classification criteria for distinguishing cortisol responders from nonresponders to psychosocial stress: evaluation of salivary cortisol pulse detection in panel designs.
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Alternative classification proxies (1.5 nmol/l or 15.5% increase) are able to effectively distinguish between cortisol responders and nonresponders and should be used in future research, whenever statistical response class allocation is not feasible.Abstract:
Objective: Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis reactivity to acute stimulation is frequently assessed by repeated sampling of salivary cortisol. Researchers often strive to distinguish between individuals who show (responders) and those do not show (nonresponders) cortisol responses. For this, fixed threshold classification criteria, such as a 2.5-nmol/l baseline-to-peak increase, are frequently used. However, the performance of such criteria has not been systematically evaluated. Methods: Repeated salivary cortisol data from 504 participants exposed to either the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST; n = 309) or a placebo protocol (n = 195) were used for analyses. To obtain appropriate classifications of cortisol responders versus nonresponders, a physiologically plausible, autoregressive latent trajectory (ALT) mixture model was fitted to these data. Response classifications according to the ALT model and information on the experimental protocol (TSST versus placebo TSST) were then used to evaluate the performance of different proposed classifier proxies by receiver operating characteristics. Results: Moment structure of cortisol time series was adequately accounted for by the proposed ALT model. The commonly used 2.5-nmol/l criterion was found to be overly conservative, resulting in a high rate of 16.5% falsenegative classifications. Lowering this criterion to 1.5 nmol/l or using a percentage baseline-to-peak increase of 15.5% as a threshold yielded improved performance (39.3% and 26.7% less misclassifications, respectively). Conclusions: Alternative classification proxies (1.5 nmol/l or 15.5% increase) are able to effectively distinguish between cortisol responders and nonresponders and should be used in future research, whenever statistical response class allocation is not feasible. Key words: salivary cortisol, psychosocial stress, response criterion, nonresponder, growth mixture modeling, law of initial value. ALT = autoregressive latent trajectory; HPA = hypothalamic-pituitaryadrenal; LIV = law of initial value; rBPi = baseline-to-peak increase, calculated from raw concentrations; tBPi = baseline-to-peak increase, calculated from log-transformed concentrations; TSST =T rier Social Stress Test; %BPi = percentage increase of concentration from baseline to peak.read more
Citations
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Successful voluntary recruitment of cognitive control under acute stress.
TL;DR: Although individuals of the stress group showed a pronounced stress response, they were able to recruit more resources and to engage more voluntary top-down control when instructed to do so, suggesting an adaptive nature of control regulation under acute stress that reflects a compensatory capacity with the potential to account for some of the observed ostensible impairments of cognitive control.
Journal ArticleDOI
Validation of an online version of the Trier Social Stress Test in a study of adolescents.
Megan R. Gunnar,Brie M. Reid,Bonny Donzella,Zachary R. Miller,Samantha B. Gardow,Nikola C. Tsakonas,Kathleen M. Thomas,Meriah DeJoseph,Jason José Bendezú +8 more
TL;DR: The Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) is the most widely used protocol for activating a stress response of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis and other stress mediating systems as mentioned in this paper.
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To trust, or not to trust? Individual differences in physiological reactivity predict trust under acute stress.
TL;DR: Overall acute stress was associated with reduced trust, but a more complex pattern emerged when accounting for individual differences in physiological stress responses via multivariate analysis.
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Modulation of HPA axis response to social stress in schizophrenia by childhood trauma.
Claudia Lange,Christian G. Huber,Daniela Fröhlich,Stefan Borgwardt,Undine E. Lang,Marc Walter +5 more
TL;DR: The data contribute to the hypothesis that severity of childhood trauma may be of pathophysiological relevance in schizophrenia, and may be an overlooked factor contributing to inconsistent findings regarding HPA axis response to psychosocial stress in SSD.
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Systematic manipulations of the biological stress systems result in sex-specific compensatory stress responses and negative mood outcomes.
Nida Ali,Nida Ali,Jonas P. Nitschke,Cory Cooperman,Mark W. Baldwin,Jens C. Pruessner,Jens C. Pruessner +6 more
TL;DR: The results indicate that men and women may be differentially sensitive to fluctuations of their stress systems, and might be a potential link that underlies the sexual dimorphism in vulnerability for psychopathology.
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The ‘Trier Social Stress Test’ – A Tool for Investigating Psychobiological Stress Responses in a Laboratory Setting
TL;DR: The results suggest that gender, genetics and nicotine consumption can influence the individual's stress responsiveness to psychological stress while personality traits showed no correlation with cortisol responses to TSST stimulation.
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