Journal ArticleDOI
Classification criteria for distinguishing cortisol responders from nonresponders to psychosocial stress: evaluation of salivary cortisol pulse detection in panel designs.
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Alternative classification proxies (1.5 nmol/l or 15.5% increase) are able to effectively distinguish between cortisol responders and nonresponders and should be used in future research, whenever statistical response class allocation is not feasible.Abstract:
Objective: Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis reactivity to acute stimulation is frequently assessed by repeated sampling of salivary cortisol. Researchers often strive to distinguish between individuals who show (responders) and those do not show (nonresponders) cortisol responses. For this, fixed threshold classification criteria, such as a 2.5-nmol/l baseline-to-peak increase, are frequently used. However, the performance of such criteria has not been systematically evaluated. Methods: Repeated salivary cortisol data from 504 participants exposed to either the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST; n = 309) or a placebo protocol (n = 195) were used for analyses. To obtain appropriate classifications of cortisol responders versus nonresponders, a physiologically plausible, autoregressive latent trajectory (ALT) mixture model was fitted to these data. Response classifications according to the ALT model and information on the experimental protocol (TSST versus placebo TSST) were then used to evaluate the performance of different proposed classifier proxies by receiver operating characteristics. Results: Moment structure of cortisol time series was adequately accounted for by the proposed ALT model. The commonly used 2.5-nmol/l criterion was found to be overly conservative, resulting in a high rate of 16.5% falsenegative classifications. Lowering this criterion to 1.5 nmol/l or using a percentage baseline-to-peak increase of 15.5% as a threshold yielded improved performance (39.3% and 26.7% less misclassifications, respectively). Conclusions: Alternative classification proxies (1.5 nmol/l or 15.5% increase) are able to effectively distinguish between cortisol responders and nonresponders and should be used in future research, whenever statistical response class allocation is not feasible. Key words: salivary cortisol, psychosocial stress, response criterion, nonresponder, growth mixture modeling, law of initial value. ALT = autoregressive latent trajectory; HPA = hypothalamic-pituitaryadrenal; LIV = law of initial value; rBPi = baseline-to-peak increase, calculated from raw concentrations; tBPi = baseline-to-peak increase, calculated from log-transformed concentrations; TSST =T rier Social Stress Test; %BPi = percentage increase of concentration from baseline to peak.read more
Citations
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Depression, violence and cortisol awakening response: a 3-year longitudinal study in adolescents
TL;DR: It is found that the CAR moderated the effects of depressive symptoms on adolescent violent outcomes, and should be investigated further as a potential biological marker for violence in adolescents with high levels of depressive Symptoms.
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Gaze behavior is associated with the cortisol response to acute psychosocial stress in the virtual TSST.
TL;DR: The potential of eye tracking to disentangle the effects of acute stress on social interaction is demonstrated, warranting further investigation in clinical populations characterized by high levels of anxiety in social situations, such as social anxiety and autism spectrum disorder.
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Psychoneuroendocrine evaluation of an acceptance and commitment based stress management training.
Andrew T. Gloster,Jens Klotsche,Tatiana Aggeler,Noemi Geisser,Gregory Juillerat,Nicole Schmidlin,Sophie Müller-Siemens,Jens Gaab +7 more
TL;DR: ACT is not useful in reducing the acute stress response and may even be iatrogenic, at least during tasks with little real-world impact for their personal values, as well as under which conditions attenuate acute and long-term stress responses.
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Conceptual precision is key in acute stress research: A commentary on Shields, Sazma, & Yonelinas, 2016
Leslie E. Roos,Erik L. Knight,Kathryn G. Beauchamp,Ryan J. Giuliano,Philip A. Fisher,Elliot T. Berkman +5 more
TL;DR: It is argued that the conclusions would be less equivocal with a more precise and neurally-informed consideration of EF, stressor, and timing assessments, and key limitations and potential consequences of broad inclusion criteria are provided.
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Externalizing behavior in healthy young adults is associated with lower cortisol responses to acute stress and altered neural activation in the dorsal striatum.
Julian Konzok,Gina-Isabelle Henze,Hannah Peter,Marina Giglberger,Christoph Bärtl,Claudia Massau,Christian Kärgel,Boris Schiffer,Hedwig Eisenbarth,Stefan Wüst,Brigitte M. Kudielka +10 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated whether externalizing behavior in healthy participants is associated with altered cortisol responses and neural activity to stress and found that individuals from the general population high on externalization, show reduced cortisol stress responses.
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The ‘Trier Social Stress Test’ – A Tool for Investigating Psychobiological Stress Responses in a Laboratory Setting
TL;DR: The results suggest that gender, genetics and nicotine consumption can influence the individual's stress responsiveness to psychological stress while personality traits showed no correlation with cortisol responses to TSST stimulation.
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