Journal ArticleDOI
Classification criteria for distinguishing cortisol responders from nonresponders to psychosocial stress: evaluation of salivary cortisol pulse detection in panel designs.
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Alternative classification proxies (1.5 nmol/l or 15.5% increase) are able to effectively distinguish between cortisol responders and nonresponders and should be used in future research, whenever statistical response class allocation is not feasible.Abstract:
Objective: Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis reactivity to acute stimulation is frequently assessed by repeated sampling of salivary cortisol. Researchers often strive to distinguish between individuals who show (responders) and those do not show (nonresponders) cortisol responses. For this, fixed threshold classification criteria, such as a 2.5-nmol/l baseline-to-peak increase, are frequently used. However, the performance of such criteria has not been systematically evaluated. Methods: Repeated salivary cortisol data from 504 participants exposed to either the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST; n = 309) or a placebo protocol (n = 195) were used for analyses. To obtain appropriate classifications of cortisol responders versus nonresponders, a physiologically plausible, autoregressive latent trajectory (ALT) mixture model was fitted to these data. Response classifications according to the ALT model and information on the experimental protocol (TSST versus placebo TSST) were then used to evaluate the performance of different proposed classifier proxies by receiver operating characteristics. Results: Moment structure of cortisol time series was adequately accounted for by the proposed ALT model. The commonly used 2.5-nmol/l criterion was found to be overly conservative, resulting in a high rate of 16.5% falsenegative classifications. Lowering this criterion to 1.5 nmol/l or using a percentage baseline-to-peak increase of 15.5% as a threshold yielded improved performance (39.3% and 26.7% less misclassifications, respectively). Conclusions: Alternative classification proxies (1.5 nmol/l or 15.5% increase) are able to effectively distinguish between cortisol responders and nonresponders and should be used in future research, whenever statistical response class allocation is not feasible. Key words: salivary cortisol, psychosocial stress, response criterion, nonresponder, growth mixture modeling, law of initial value. ALT = autoregressive latent trajectory; HPA = hypothalamic-pituitaryadrenal; LIV = law of initial value; rBPi = baseline-to-peak increase, calculated from raw concentrations; tBPi = baseline-to-peak increase, calculated from log-transformed concentrations; TSST =T rier Social Stress Test; %BPi = percentage increase of concentration from baseline to peak.read more
Citations
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Personality, Stress, and Intuition: Emotion Regulation Abilities Moderate the Effect of Stress-Dependent Cortisol Increase on Coherence Judgments.
TL;DR: Investigating whether personality in terms of emotion regulation abilities (ERA) moderates the relationship between stress-contingent HPA activity and accuracy of intuitive coherence judgments found personality can moderate the link between stress and cognition such as accurate intuition.
Journal ArticleDOI
Stress‐related cortisol responsivity modulates prospective memory
K. Glienke,M. Piefke +1 more
TL;DR: The data demonstrate for the first time that participants with a low cortisol responsivity may benefit from stress exposure before the planning phase of PM, and demonstrate that the intensity of cortisol responses does not necessarily correspond to theintensity of the mental experience of stress.
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Cortisol response to stress in schizophrenia: Associations with oxytocin, social support and social functioning
Cumhur Tas,Cumhur Tas,Elliot C. Brown,Gökçer Eskikurt,Sezen Irmak,Orkun Aydın,Aysen Esen-Danaci,Martin Brüne +7 more
TL;DR: This study highlights the heterogeneity of cortisol responses to stress in a schizophrenia population, and the importance of the relationship between social functioning and cortisol reactivity, and found that cortisol responders had generally better social functioning, but perceived social support was not different between groups.
Journal ArticleDOI
Differences in Neural Recovery From Acute Stress Between Cortisol Responders and Non-responders
Annika Dimitrov,Katharina Demin,Phöbe Fehlner,Phöbe Fehlner,Henrik Walter,Susanne Erk,Ilya M. Veer +6 more
TL;DR: Understanding the mechanisms that underlie these variations could prove beneficial in revealing neural markers that promote resilience to stress-related disorders, as well as reflect normal variations in the neural response to stress.
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Balancing Between Goal-Directed and Habitual Responding Following Acute Stress
TL;DR: It is shown that the employed paradigm and outcome devaluation procedure are boundary conditions to the stress-induced shift in instrumental responding and led participants to commit more slips-of-action compared with nonstressed controls.
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The ‘Trier Social Stress Test’ – A Tool for Investigating Psychobiological Stress Responses in a Laboratory Setting
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