Journal ArticleDOI
Classification criteria for distinguishing cortisol responders from nonresponders to psychosocial stress: evaluation of salivary cortisol pulse detection in panel designs.
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Alternative classification proxies (1.5 nmol/l or 15.5% increase) are able to effectively distinguish between cortisol responders and nonresponders and should be used in future research, whenever statistical response class allocation is not feasible.Abstract:
Objective: Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis reactivity to acute stimulation is frequently assessed by repeated sampling of salivary cortisol. Researchers often strive to distinguish between individuals who show (responders) and those do not show (nonresponders) cortisol responses. For this, fixed threshold classification criteria, such as a 2.5-nmol/l baseline-to-peak increase, are frequently used. However, the performance of such criteria has not been systematically evaluated. Methods: Repeated salivary cortisol data from 504 participants exposed to either the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST; n = 309) or a placebo protocol (n = 195) were used for analyses. To obtain appropriate classifications of cortisol responders versus nonresponders, a physiologically plausible, autoregressive latent trajectory (ALT) mixture model was fitted to these data. Response classifications according to the ALT model and information on the experimental protocol (TSST versus placebo TSST) were then used to evaluate the performance of different proposed classifier proxies by receiver operating characteristics. Results: Moment structure of cortisol time series was adequately accounted for by the proposed ALT model. The commonly used 2.5-nmol/l criterion was found to be overly conservative, resulting in a high rate of 16.5% falsenegative classifications. Lowering this criterion to 1.5 nmol/l or using a percentage baseline-to-peak increase of 15.5% as a threshold yielded improved performance (39.3% and 26.7% less misclassifications, respectively). Conclusions: Alternative classification proxies (1.5 nmol/l or 15.5% increase) are able to effectively distinguish between cortisol responders and nonresponders and should be used in future research, whenever statistical response class allocation is not feasible. Key words: salivary cortisol, psychosocial stress, response criterion, nonresponder, growth mixture modeling, law of initial value. ALT = autoregressive latent trajectory; HPA = hypothalamic-pituitaryadrenal; LIV = law of initial value; rBPi = baseline-to-peak increase, calculated from raw concentrations; tBPi = baseline-to-peak increase, calculated from log-transformed concentrations; TSST =T rier Social Stress Test; %BPi = percentage increase of concentration from baseline to peak.read more
Citations
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Identification and characterization of HPA-axis reactivity endophenotypes in a cohort of female PTSD patients
Monika Zaba,Thomas Kirmeier,Irina A. Ionescu,Bastian Wollweber,Dominik R. Buell,Dominique J. Gall-Kleebach,Christine F. Schubert,Bozidar Novak,Christine Huber,Katharina Köhler,Florian Holsboer,Benno Pütz,Bertram Müller-Myhsok,Nina Höhne,Manfred Uhr,Marcus Ising,Leonie Herrmann,Ulrike Schmidt +17 more
TL;DR: HPA-axis reactivity endophenotypes are identified and characterized for the first time to offer an explanation for the inconsistent reports on HPA- axis function in PTSD and suggest that most likely other factors play a decisive role in determination of PTSD core symptom severity.
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Association between changes in heart rate variability during the anticipation of a stressful situation and the stress-induced cortisol response.
TL;DR: Results show for the first time that anticipatory HRV (reflecting differences in stress regulation and prefrontal activity before the encounter with the stressor) is important to understand the stress-induced cortisol increase.
Journal ArticleDOI
Virtually stressed? A refined virtual reality adaptation of the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) induces robust endocrine responses.
TL;DR: It is concluded that VR adaptations of in-vivo stressors have the potential to induce real physiological and subjective reactions in real or virtual settings.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ten years of research with the Socially Evaluated Cold Pressor Test: Data from the past and guidelines for the future.
Lars Schwabe,Hartmut Schächinger +1 more
TL;DR: It is argued that the SECPT is a highly efficient tool to induce stress and activate major stress systems in a laboratory context, in particular if the guidelines that are outlined here are followed.
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Boosting recovery rather than buffering reactivity: Higher stress-induced oxytocin secretion is associated with increased cortisol reactivity and faster vagal recovery after acute psychosocial stress
TL;DR: It is suggested that after an early stage of oxytocin and HPA-axis co-activation, the stress-reducing action of Oxytocin unfolds, due to the time lag it manifests as a recovery-boosting rather than a reactivity-buffering effect.
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The ‘Trier Social Stress Test’ – A Tool for Investigating Psychobiological Stress Responses in a Laboratory Setting
TL;DR: The results suggest that gender, genetics and nicotine consumption can influence the individual's stress responsiveness to psychological stress while personality traits showed no correlation with cortisol responses to TSST stimulation.
Journal ArticleDOI
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