Journal ArticleDOI
Classification criteria for distinguishing cortisol responders from nonresponders to psychosocial stress: evaluation of salivary cortisol pulse detection in panel designs.
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Alternative classification proxies (1.5 nmol/l or 15.5% increase) are able to effectively distinguish between cortisol responders and nonresponders and should be used in future research, whenever statistical response class allocation is not feasible.Abstract:
Objective: Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis reactivity to acute stimulation is frequently assessed by repeated sampling of salivary cortisol. Researchers often strive to distinguish between individuals who show (responders) and those do not show (nonresponders) cortisol responses. For this, fixed threshold classification criteria, such as a 2.5-nmol/l baseline-to-peak increase, are frequently used. However, the performance of such criteria has not been systematically evaluated. Methods: Repeated salivary cortisol data from 504 participants exposed to either the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST; n = 309) or a placebo protocol (n = 195) were used for analyses. To obtain appropriate classifications of cortisol responders versus nonresponders, a physiologically plausible, autoregressive latent trajectory (ALT) mixture model was fitted to these data. Response classifications according to the ALT model and information on the experimental protocol (TSST versus placebo TSST) were then used to evaluate the performance of different proposed classifier proxies by receiver operating characteristics. Results: Moment structure of cortisol time series was adequately accounted for by the proposed ALT model. The commonly used 2.5-nmol/l criterion was found to be overly conservative, resulting in a high rate of 16.5% falsenegative classifications. Lowering this criterion to 1.5 nmol/l or using a percentage baseline-to-peak increase of 15.5% as a threshold yielded improved performance (39.3% and 26.7% less misclassifications, respectively). Conclusions: Alternative classification proxies (1.5 nmol/l or 15.5% increase) are able to effectively distinguish between cortisol responders and nonresponders and should be used in future research, whenever statistical response class allocation is not feasible. Key words: salivary cortisol, psychosocial stress, response criterion, nonresponder, growth mixture modeling, law of initial value. ALT = autoregressive latent trajectory; HPA = hypothalamic-pituitaryadrenal; LIV = law of initial value; rBPi = baseline-to-peak increase, calculated from raw concentrations; tBPi = baseline-to-peak increase, calculated from log-transformed concentrations; TSST =T rier Social Stress Test; %BPi = percentage increase of concentration from baseline to peak.read more
Citations
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Endocrine and emotional response to exclusion among women and men; cortisol, salivary alpha amylase, and mood.
TL;DR: Women evinced decline in cortisol following the Cyberball task, whereas men’s cortisol levels showed a non-significant rise, and then decline, following exclusion, which concur with previous findings showing SAM reactivity to be gender-neutral and HPA reactivity for gender-divergent.
Journal ArticleDOI
Violence exposure and social deprivation is associated with cortisol reactivity in urban adolescents.
Melissa K. Peckins,Andrea G. Roberts,Tyler C. Hein,Luke W. Hyde,Colter Mitchell,Jeanne Brooks-Gunn,Sara McLanahan,Christopher S. Monk,Nestor L. Lopez-Duran +8 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that experiences of violence, but not social deprivation, during childhood may contribute to cortisol blunting that has been previously reported in samples with high levels of social deprivation.
Journal ArticleDOI
The effects of exercise intensity on the cortisol response to a subsequent acute psychosocial stressor
TL;DR: In this paper, the extent to which the intensity of a single 30min bout of exercise alters the salivary cortisol response to a subsequently induced acute psychosocial stressor was determined.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cortisol Stress Reactivity to the Trier Social Stress Test in Obese Adults.
Benedict Herhaus,Katja Petrowski +1 more
TL;DR: It is suggested that obesity leads to lower cortisol activity, which may indicate alterations in the Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrencortical (HPA) axis.
Journal ArticleDOI
Stress-induced cortisol hampers memory generalization.
Lisa C. Dandolo,Lars Schwabe +1 more
TL;DR: Findings show that stress, presumably through the action of glucocorticoids, creates rather rigid memories that are difficult to transfer to novel situations.
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The ‘Trier Social Stress Test’ – A Tool for Investigating Psychobiological Stress Responses in a Laboratory Setting
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Journal ArticleDOI
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