Open AccessDOI
Covid-19 and Liver Injury: Role of Inflammatory Endotheliopathy, Platelet Dysfunction, and Thrombosis.
TLDR
In this article, vascular inflammation and thrombosis were presented as a potential mechanism of liver injury and liver-related complications in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) symptoms caused by SARS-CoV-2.Abstract:
Liver injury, characterized predominantly by elevated aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase, is a common feature of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) symptoms caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Additionally, SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with acute-on-chronic liver failure in patients with cirrhosis and has a notably elevated mortality in patients with alcohol-related liver disease compared to other etiologies. Direct viral infection of the liver with SARS-CoV-2 remains controversial, and alternative pathophysiologic explanations for its hepatic effects are an area of active investigation. In this review, we discuss the effects of SARS-CoV-2 and the inflammatory environment it creates on endothelial cells and platelets more generally and then with a hepatic focus. In doing this, we present vascular inflammation and thrombosis as a potential mechanism of liver injury and liver-related complications in COVID-19.read more
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COVID-19 and liver disease: where are we now?
TL;DR: In this article , the authors have shown that patients with end-stage liver disease and COVID-19 are at a higher risk of hospitalization, ventilation and death than those without chronic liver disease.
Journal ArticleDOI
Histopathological Features of SARS-CoV-2 in Extrapulmonary Organ Infection: A Systematic Review of Literature
TL;DR: An up-to-date view of histopathological observations of the structural and ultrastructural alterations associated with COVID-19 is provided and may contribute to a better knowledge of the physiopathological bases of this disease.
Journal ArticleDOI
Disease Severity in Moderate-to-Severe COVID-19 Is Associated With Platelet Hyperreactivity and Innate Immune Activation
Kai Jakobs,L. Reinshagen,M. Puccini,Julian Friebel,Anne-Christin Beatrice Wilde,Ayman Alsheik,Andi Rroku,Ulf Landmesser,Arash Haghikia,Nicolle Kränkel,Ursula Rauch-Kröhnert +10 more
TL;DR: In moderate-to-severe COVID-19, but not in other respiratory diseases, disease severity was associated with platelet hyperreactivity and a typical inflammatory signature, pointing to the importance of antithrombotic therapy for reducing disease severity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Scavenging ROS to Alleviate Acute Liver Injury by ZnO‐NiO@COOH
TL;DR: ZnO-NiO@COOH particles are synthetically applied to treat acute liver injury (ALI) as discussed by the authors , which significantly reduce the expression levels of inflammatory factors (i.e., IL 1, IL 6, and TNF-α), macrophage infiltration, and granulocyte activation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Pathogenesis and Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in the Intestine, Liver, and Pancreas
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors reviewed various potential mechanisms of gastrointestinal, liver, and pancreatic injury in the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and found that angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors serve as the cellular entry mechanism for the virus and these receptors are particularly abundant throughout the GI tract, making the intestine, liver and pancreas potential extrapulmonary sites for infection and reservoirs sites for developing mutations and new variants that contribute to the uncontrolled spread of the disease and resistance to treatments.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China
Chaolin Huang,Yeming Wang,Xingwang Li,Lili Ren,Jianping Zhao,Yi Hu,Li Zhang,Guohui Fan,Jiuyang Xu,Xiaoying Gu,Zhenshun Cheng,Ting Yu,Jia'an Xia,Yuan Wei,Wenjuan Wu,Xuelei Xie,Wen Yin,Li Hui,Min Liu,Yan Xiao,Hong Gao,Li Guo,Jungang Xie,Guang-Fa Wang,Rongmeng Jiang,Zhancheng Gao,Qi Jin,Jianwei Wang,Bin Cao +28 more
TL;DR: The epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics and treatment and clinical outcomes of patients with laboratory-confirmed 2019-nCoV infection in Wuhan, China, were reported.
Journal ArticleDOI
Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study.
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Journal ArticleDOI
SARS-CoV-2 Cell Entry Depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and Is Blocked by a Clinically Proven Protease Inhibitor
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TL;DR: It is demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 uses the SARS -CoV receptor ACE2 for entry and the serine protease TMPRSS2 for S protein priming, and it is shown that the sera from convalescent SARS patients cross-neutralized Sars-2-S-driven entry.
Journal ArticleDOI
COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression
Puja Mehta,Daniel F. McAuley,Michael Brown,Emilie Sanchez,Rachel Tattersall,Rachel Tattersall,Jessica J Manson +6 more
TL;DR: Re-analysis of data from a phase 3 randomised controlled trial of IL-1 blockade (anakinra) in sepsis, showed significant survival benefit in patients with hyperinflammation, without increased adverse events.
Journal ArticleDOI
Structure, Function, and Antigenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein.
Alexandra C. Walls,Young-Jun Park,M. Alejandra Tortorici,M. Alejandra Tortorici,Abigail Wall,Andrew T. McGuire,Andrew T. McGuire,David Veesler +7 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrating that cross-neutralizing antibodies targeting conserved S epitopes can be elicited upon vaccination, and it is shown that SARS-CoV-2 S uses ACE2 to enter cells and that the receptor-binding domains of Sars- coV- 2 S and SARS S bind with similar affinities to human ACE2, correlating with the efficient spread of SATS among humans.
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