Journal ArticleDOI
Critical structural elements of the VP16 transcriptional activation domain
W D Cress,Steven J. Triezenberg +1 more
TLDR
The mechanism of transcriptional activation by VP16 and other proteins may involve both ionic and specific hydrophobic interactions with target molecules.Abstract:
Virion protein 16 (VP16) of herpes simplex virus type 1 contains an acidic transcriptional activation domain. Missense mutations within this domain have provided insights into the structural elements critical for its function. Net negative charge contributed to, but was not sufficient for, transcriptional activation by VP16. A putative amphipathic alpha helix did not appear to be an important structural component of the activation domain. A phenylalanine residue at position 442 was exquisitely sensitive to mutation. Transcriptional activators of several classes contain hydrophobic amino acids arranged in patterns resembling that of VP16. Therefore, the mechanism of transcriptional activation by VP16 and other proteins may involve both ionic and specific hydrophobic interactions with target molecules.read more
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Synaptic Activity and the Construction of Cortical Circuits
Lawrence C. Katz,Carla J. Shatz +1 more
TL;DR: The sequential combination of spontaneously generated and experience-dependent neural activity endows the brain with an ongoing ability to accommodate to dynamically changing inputs during development and throughout life.
Journal ArticleDOI
TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS OF THE NFAT FAMILY:Regulation and Function
TL;DR: Recent data on the diversity of the NFAT family of transcription factors, the regulation of NFAT proteins within cells, and the cooperation ofNFAT proteins with other transcription factors to regulate the expression of inducible genes are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Structure of the MDM2 oncoprotein bound to the p53 tumor suppressor transactivation domain.
Paul H. Kussie,Svetlana Gorina,Vincent Marechal,Brian Elenbaas,Jacque Moreau,Arnold J. Levine,Nikola P. Pavletich +6 more
TL;DR: The crystal structure of the 109-residue amino-terminal domain of MDM2 bound to a 15-Residue transactivation domain peptide of p53 revealed that MDM 2 has a deep hydrophobic cleft on which the p53 peptide binds as an amphipathic α helix, supporting the hypothesis thatMDM2 inactivates p53 by concealing its transactivationdomain.
Journal ArticleDOI
Transcriptional activation: A complex puzzle with few easy pieces
Robert Tjian,Tom Maniatis +1 more
Journal ArticleDOI
Cloning of the Arabidopsis clock gene TOC1, an autoregulatory response regulator homolog.
Carl A. Strayer,Tokitaka Oyama,Thomas F. Schultz,Ramanujam Raman,David E. Somers,Paloma Mas,Satchidananda Panda,Joel A. Kreps,Steve A. Kay +8 more
TL;DR: The toc1 mutation causes shortened circadian rhythms in light-grown Arabidopsis plants and it is shown that TOC1 controls photoperiodic flowering response through clock function.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
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Pamela J. Mitchell,Robert Tjian +1 more
TL;DR: This review summarizes recent studies that define structural domains for DNA binding and transcriptional activation functions in sequence-specific transcription factors in mammalian DNA binding transcription factors.
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How eukaryotic transcriptional activators work
TL;DR: A specific protein, bound to DNA, can activate transcription of a wide array of genes in many eukaryotes and is controlled by the immune system.
Journal ArticleDOI
GAL4-VP16 is an unusually potent transcriptional activator
TL;DR: It is shown that the hybrid protein (GAL4-VP16) activates transcription unusually efficiently in mammalian cells when bound close to, or at large distances from the gene, and suggested that the activating region of VP16 may be near-maximally potent.