Journal ArticleDOI
Declining morbidity and mortality among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. HIV Outpatient Study Investigators.
Frank J. Palella,Kathleen M. Delaney,Anne C. Moorman,Mark O. Loveless,Jack Fuhrer,Glen A. Satten,Diane J. Aschman,Scott D. Holmberg +7 more
TLDR
The recent declines in morbidity and mortality due to AIDS are attributable to the use of more intensive antiretroviral therapies.Abstract:
Background and Methods National surveillance data show recent, marked reductions in morbidity and mortality associated with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). To evaluate these declines, we analyzed data on 1255 patients, each of whom had at least one CD4+ count below 100 cells per cubic millimeter, who were seen at nine clinics specializing in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in eight U.S. cities from January 1994 through June 1997. Results Mortality among the patients declined from 29.4 per 100 person-years in 1995 to 8.8 per 100 person-years in the second quarter of 1997. There were reductions in mortality regardless of sex, race, age, and risk factors for transmission of HIV. The incidence of any of three major opportunistic infections (Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, Mycobacterium avium complex disease, and cytomegalovirus retinitis) declined from 21.9 per 100 person-years in 1994 to 3.7 per 100 person-years by mid-1997. In a failure-rate model, increases in t...read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Actual causes of death in the United States, 2000.
TL;DR: These analyses show that smoking remains the leading cause of mortality in the United States, however, poor diet and physical inactivity may soon overtake tobacco as the lead cause of death.
Journal ArticleDOI
Declining Morbidity and Mortality among Patients with Advanced Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection
TL;DR: A study was conducted to evaluate the impact of protease inhibitors on the rates of selected opportunistic processes and mortality in patients with AIDS and found similar results.
Journal ArticleDOI
Guidelines for the use of antiretroviral agents in HIV-infected adults and adolescents
Anthony S. Fauci,John G. Bartlett,Eric P. Goosby,M. D. Smith,H. J. Kaiser,S. W. Chang,James M. Anderson,R. Armstead,A. C. Baker,David A Barr,Samuel A. Bozzette,S. Cox,M. Delaney,Fred M. Gordin,W. Greaves,M. Harrington,J. J. Henning,Martin S. Hirsch,J. Jacobs,Richard Marlink,C. Maxwell,J. W. Mellors,D. B. Nash,S. Perryman,Robert T. Schooley,R. Sherer,Stephen A. Spector,G. Torres,Paul A. Volberding,B. A. Brady,E. M. Daniels,D. Feigal,Mark B. Feinberg,H. D. Gayle,T. R. Graydon,Jonathan E. Kaplan,Abe M. Macher,R. F. Martin,Henry Masur,Lynne M. Mofenson,J. Murray,J. O'Neill,L. C. Perez,R. Riseberg,S. Shekar,Sharilyn K. Stanley,J. Whitescarver +46 more
TL;DR: These Guidelines were developed by the Panel* on Clinical Practices for Treatment of HIV Infection convened by the Department of Health and Human Services and the Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Adherence to protease inhibitor therapy and outcomes in patients with HIV infection.
David L. Paterson,Susan Swindells,J. Mohr,Michelle Brester,Emanuel N. Vergis,Cheryl Squier,Marilyn M. Wagener,Nina Singh +7 more
TL;DR: Given the critical importance of adherence to therapy to patient outcome, secondary prevention of HIV infection, and willingness of providers to prescribe therapy, this prospectively investigated the association between protease inhibitor adherence and patient outcome and factors related to adherence.
Journal ArticleDOI
Development of a simple noninvasive index to predict significant fibrosis in patients with HIV/HCV coinfection
Richard K. Sterling,Eduardo Lissen,Eduardo Lissen,Nathan Clumeck,Ricard Solà,Mendes Cassia Correa,Julio S. G. Montaner,Mark S. Sulkowski,Francesca J. Torriani,Doug T. Dieterich,David L. Thomas,Diethelm Messinger,Mark T. Nelson +12 more
TL;DR: In conclusion, noninvasive tests can accurately predict hepatic fibrosis and may reduce the need for liver biopsy in the majority of HIV/HCV‐coinfected patients.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Rapid turnover of plasma virions and CD4 lymphocytes in HIV-1 infection
TL;DR: Treatment of infected patients with ABT-538 causes plasma HIV-1 levels to decrease exponentially and CD4 lymphocyte counts to rise substantially, indicating that replication of HIV- 1 in vivo is continuous and highly productive, driving the rapid turnover ofCD4 lymphocytes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Prognosis in HIV-1 Infection Predicted by the Quantity of Virus in Plasma
John W. Mellors,Charles R. Rinaldo,Phalguni Gupta,Roseanne M. White,John Todd,Lawrence A. Kingsley +5 more
TL;DR: Plasma viral load was a better predictor of progression to AIDS and death than was the number of CD4+ T cells, and the risk of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and death in study subjects was directly related to plasma viral load at study entry.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Controlled Trial of Two Nucleoside Analogues plus Indinavir in Persons with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and CD4 Cell Counts of 200 per Cubic Millimeter or Less
Scott M. Hammer,Kathleen Squires,Michael Hughes,Michael Hughes,Janet M. Grimes,Lisa M. Demeter,Judith S. Currier,Joseph J. Eron,Judith Feinberg,Henry H. Balfour,Lawrence Deyton,Chodakewitz Jeffrey A,Margaret A. Fischl,John P. Phair,William Spreen,Louise Pedneault,Bach-Yen Nguyen,Jon C. Cook +17 more
TL;DR: In this article, the efficacy and safety of adding a protease inhibitor to two nucleoside analogues to treat human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection are not clear.
Journal ArticleDOI
Plasma Viral Load and CD4+ Lymphocytes as Prognostic Markers of HIV-1 Infection
John W. Mellors,Alvaro Muñoz,Janis V. Giorgi,Joseph B. Margolick,Charles J. Tassoni,Phalguni Gupta,Lawrence A. Kingsley,John Todd,Alfred J. Saah,Roger Detels,John P. Phair,Charles R. Rinaldo +11 more
TL;DR: This study compared the prognostic value of plasma viral load with that of clinical, serologic, and cellular markers in a large cohort of HIV-infected men and incorporated the two most predictive markers-plasma viral load and CD4+ lymphocyte count-into a regression tree that is useful for assessing the prognosis of individual patients.
Journal ArticleDOI
HIV population dynamics in vivo: implications for genetic variation, pathogenesis, and therapy
TL;DR: Results lead to a simple steady-state model in which infection, cell death, and cell replacement are in balance, and imply that the unique feature of HIV is the extraordinarily large number of replication cycles that occur during infection of a single individual.
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Anthony S. Fauci,John G. Bartlett,Eric P. Goosby,M. D. Smith,H. J. Kaiser,S. W. Chang,James M. Anderson,R. Armstead,A. C. Baker,David A Barr,Samuel A. Bozzette,S. Cox,M. Delaney,Fred M. Gordin,W. Greaves,M. Harrington,J. J. Henning,Martin S. Hirsch,J. Jacobs,Richard Marlink,C. Maxwell,J. W. Mellors,D. B. Nash,S. Perryman,Robert T. Schooley,R. Sherer,Stephen A. Spector,G. Torres,Paul A. Volberding,B. A. Brady,E. M. Daniels,D. Feigal,Mark B. Feinberg,H. D. Gayle,T. R. Graydon,Jonathan E. Kaplan,Abe M. Macher,R. F. Martin,Henry Masur,Lynne M. Mofenson,J. Murray,J. O'Neill,L. C. Perez,R. Riseberg,S. Shekar,Sharilyn K. Stanley,J. Whitescarver +46 more