Default-mode network activity distinguishes Alzheimer's disease from healthy aging: Evidence from functional MRI
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TLDR
A goodness-of-fit analysis applied at the individual subject level suggests that activity in the default-mode network may ultimately prove a sensitive and specific biomarker for incipient AD.Abstract:
Recent functional imaging studies have revealed coactivation in a distributed network of cortical regions that characterizes the resting state, or default mode, of the human brain. Among the brain regions implicated in this network, several, including the posterior cingulate cortex and inferior parietal lobes, have also shown decreased metabolism early in the course of Alzheimer's disease (AD). We reasoned that default-mode network activity might therefore be abnormal in AD. To test this hypothesis, we used independent component analysis to isolate the network in a group of 13 subjects with mild AD and in a group of 13 age-matched elderly controls as they performed a simple sensory-motor processing task. Three important findings are reported. Prominent coactivation of the hippocampus, detected in all groups, suggests that the default-mode network is closely involved with episodic memory processing. The AD group showed decreased resting-state activity in the posterior cingulate and hippocampus, suggesting that disrupted connectivity between these two regions accounts for the posterior cingulate hypometabolism commonly detected in positron emission tomography studies of early AD. Finally, a goodness-of-fit analysis applied at the individual subject level suggests that activity in the default-mode network may ultimately prove a sensitive and specific biomarker for incipient AD.read more
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The Brain's Default Network Anatomy, Function, and Relevance to Disease
TL;DR: Past observations are synthesized to provide strong evidence that the default network is a specific, anatomically defined brain system preferentially active when individuals are not focused on the external environment, and for understanding mental disorders including autism, schizophrenia, and Alzheimer's disease.
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The organization of the human cerebral cortex estimated by intrinsic functional connectivity
B.T. Thomas Yeo,Fenna M. Krienen,Jorge Sepulcre,Jorge Sepulcre,Mert R. Sabuncu,Mert R. Sabuncu,Danial Lashkari,Marisa O. Hollinshead,Marisa O. Hollinshead,Joshua L. Roffman,Jordan W. Smoller,Lilla Zöllei,Jonathan R. Polimeni,Bruce Fischl,Bruce Fischl,Hesheng Liu,Randy L. Buckner +16 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the organization of networks in the human cerebrum was explored using resting-state functional connectivity MRI data from 1,000 subjects and a clustering approach was employed to identify and replicate networks of functionally coupled regions across the cerebral cortex.
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Spontaneous fluctuations in brain activity observed with functional magnetic resonance imaging.
Michael D. Fox,Marcus E. Raichle +1 more
TL;DR: Recent studies examining spontaneous fluctuations in the blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) signal of functional magnetic resonance imaging as a potentially important and revealing manifestation of spontaneous neuronal activity are reviewed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Dissociable Intrinsic Connectivity Networks for Salience Processing and Executive Control
William W. Seeley,Vinod Menon,Alan F. Schatzberg,Jennifer Keller,Gary H. Glover,Heather A. Kenna,Allan L. Reiss,Michael D. Greicius +7 more
TL;DR: Two distinct networks typically coactivated during functional MRI tasks are identified, anchored by dorsal anterior cingulate and orbital frontoinsular cortices with robust connectivity to subcortical and limbic structures, and an “executive-control network” that links dorsolateral frontal and parietal neocortices.
References
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