Journal ArticleDOI
Deforestation Trends in a Tropical Landscape and Implications for Endangered Large Mammals
Margaret F. Kinnaird,Eric W. Sanderson,Timothy G. O'Brien,Hariyo T. Wibisono,Gillian Woolmer +4 more
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TLDR
In this paper, the authors used remote sensing and biological surveys to study the effects of deforestation on populations of endangered large mammals in a Sumatran landscape and created a predictive model of deforestation for Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park and an unprotected buffer area.Abstract:
The remarkable large-mammal fauna of the Indonesian island of Sumatra is one of the most endangered on Earth and is threatened by rampant deforestation. We used remote sensing and biological surveys to study the effects of deforestation on populations of endangered large mammals in a Sumatran landscape. We measured forest loss and created a predictive model of deforestation for Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park and an unprotected buffer area based on satellite images between 1985 and 1999. We used automatic cameras to determine the distribution and relative abundance of tigers ( Panthera tigris sumatrae ), elephants ( Elephas maximus ), rhinoceros ( Dicerorhinus sumatrensis ), and tapirs ( Tapir indicus ). Between 1985 and 1999, forest loss within the park averaged 2% per year. A total of 661 km 2 of forest disappeared inside the park, and 318 km 2 were lost in a 10-km buffer, eliminating forest outside the park. Lowland forest disappeared faster than hill/montane forest ( by a factor of 6 ) and forests on gentle slopes disappeared faster than forests on steep slopes ( by a factor of 16 ). Most forest conversion resulted from agricultural development, leading to predictions that by 2010 70% of the park will be in agriculture and that by 2036 lowland forest habitat will be eliminated. Camera-trap data indicated avoidance of forest boundaries by tigers, rhinoceroses ( up to 2 km ), and elephants ( up to 3 km ). Classification of forest into core and peripheral forest based on mammal distribution suggests that, by 2010, core forest area for tigers and rhinoceros will be fragmented and reduced to 20% of remaining forest. Core forest area for elephants will be reduced to 0.5% of remaining forest. Halting forest loss has proven one of the most difficult and complex problems faced by Indonesia's conservation agencies today and will require a mix of enforcement, wise land-use strategies, increased education, capacity to manage, and new financing mechanisms.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
The role of protected areas in conserving biodiversity and sustaining local livelihoods
TL;DR: In this article, a review of 49 tropical protected areas shows that parks are generally effective at curtailing deforestation within their boundaries, but deforestation in surrounding areas is isolating protected areas.
Journal ArticleDOI
Crouching tigers, hidden prey: Sumatran tiger and prey populations in a tropical forest landscape
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the abundance and distribution of Sumatran tigers and nine prey species in Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park on Sumatra, Indonesia, and demonstrated that the relative abundance of tigers and their prey, as measured by camera traps, is directly related to independently derived estimates of densities for these species.
Journal ArticleDOI
Forest fragmentation and edge effects from deforestation and selective logging in the Brazilian Amazon
Eben N. Broadbent,Eben N. Broadbent,Gregory P. Asner,Michael Keller,David E. Knapp,Paulo J. Oliveira,José Natalino Macedo Silva +6 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors quantified the effects of both deforestation and selective logging, separately and combined, on forest fragmentation and edge effects over large regions, and contextualized the spatio-temporal dynamics of this forest fragmentation through a literature review of potential ecological repercussions of edge creation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ecological networks: a spatial concept for multi-actor planning of sustainable landscapes
TL;DR: It is concluded that extending the ecological network concept with multifunctional indicators is a promising step towards sustainable landscape development and stakeholder decision-making.
Journal ArticleDOI
Conserving Southeast Asian forest biodiversity in human-modified landscapes
Navjot S. Sodhi,Lian Pin Koh,Reuben Clements,Thomas C. Wanger,Jane K. Hill,Keith C. Hamer,Yann Clough,Teja Tscharntke,Mary Rose C. Posa,Tien Ming Lee,Tien Ming Lee +10 more
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of land-use changes on plants, invertebrates, vertebrates and ecosystem functioning/services in Southeast Asia were synthesized, and the authors found that species richness and abundance/density of forestdependent taxa generally declined in disturbed compared to mature forests.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Biodiversity hotspots for conservation priorities
Norman Myers,Russell A. Mittermeier,Cristina G. Mittermeier,Gustavo A. B. da Fonseca,Jennifer Kent +4 more
TL;DR: A ‘silver bullet’ strategy on the part of conservation planners, focusing on ‘biodiversity hotspots’ where exceptional concentrations of endemic species are undergoing exceptional loss of habitat, is proposed.
Book
Walker's mammals of the world
Ronald M. Nowak,Ernest P. Walker +1 more
TL;DR: The sixth edition of Ernest P. Walker's Mammals of the World represents more than half a century of scholarship-and remains true to Walker's vision, smoothly combining thorough scholarship with a popular, readable style to preserve and enhance what the Washington Post called "a landmark of zoological literature."
Journal ArticleDOI
Roads and their major ecological effects
TL;DR: Road density and network structure are informative landscape ecology assays and Australia has huge road-reserve networks of native vegetation, whereas the Dutch have tunnels and overpasses perforating road barriers to enhance ecological flows.
Journal ArticleDOI
Edge Effects and the Extinction of Populations Inside Protected Areas
TL;DR: The species most likely to disappear from small reserves are those that range widely-and are therefore most exposed to threats on reserve borders-irrespective of population size, so that border areas represent population sinks.
Journal ArticleDOI
How much habitat is enough
TL;DR: The simulations suggest that the first priority for conservation should be habitat preservation and restoration, information on movement rates of organisms is critical for predicting extinction thresholds and conservation strategies should consider the quality of the whole landscape, including the matrix.