Q2. What is the way to remove a broad range of organic molecules from water?
51Using ligninolytic enzymes, especially laccases, that are capable of non-specifically oxidizing a 52 broad range of organic molecules is a promising option for future strategies of wastewater 53 treatment due to the low environmental impact of enzymatic treatment [12].
Q3. What was used as a solid substrate for the production of laccase by T. versi?
1022.3 Solid-state fermentation 103 Apple pomace (Vergers Paul Jodoin Inc., Quebec, Canada) was used as solid substrate for the 104 production of laccase by T. versicolor.
Q4. What is the effect of the reduction in residence time on the reactor?
In real field applications, the reduction in 331 residence time can result in a downsized reactor and less energy consumption for mixing.
Q5. What is the effect of immobilizing laccase on PAN nanofibers?
An adsorptive membrane was fabricated by entrapment of activated biochar into PAN nanofiber 337 through electrospinning process and laccase was immobilized onto this membrane through 338 formation of amidoxime linkage.
Q6. What are the drawbacks of using enzymes in their free forms?
using enzymes in their free forms has drawbacks, such as high cost of 61 production, low stability and problems with reusability which should be addressed before scale-62 up [18].
Q7. What is the effect of immobilizing laccase on the biocatalyst?
Unlike 223 free laccase, immobilized laccase can be easily separated from the reaction media and reused, 224 which considerably decreases the cost for practical application.
Q8. How many environmentalists are concerned about the presence of CTC in water bodies?
The presence of CTC along with other 36 pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) in water bodies raised concerns among 37 environmentalists over their potential effects on ecosystem and human health [4].
Q9. What are the advantages of immobilizing enzyme onto a variety of solid supports?
Immobilization of enzyme onto a variety of solid supports and especially porous 63 membranes, which are called enzymatic membrane reactors (EMR), is a promising approach to 64 overcome these problems since membranes can provide high surface area for catalytic reaction 65 [4].
Q10. What is the effect of increasing the flux rate on the removal efficiency of phenol?
it is expected that by increasing the flux rate, the collision frequency 315among them is decreased and as a result, the removal efficiency is decreased.
Q11. How was the surface morphology of the fabricated membranes examined?
The surface morphology of the fabricated membranes was examined using an EVO-50 (Zeiss, 153 Germany) scanning electron microscope (SEM) at acceleration voltage of 10 kV.
Q12. How much of the activity of the immobilized laccase was retained after storage?
In a 210 related study, Xu et al. reported high storage stability of the immobilized laccase onto PAN 211 nanofibrous membrane as it retained 92% of the initial activity after 18 days of storage at 4±1 212 °C, whereas the free laccase showed only 20% of initial activity [25].
Q13. How many adsorbent particles can adsorb laccase?
These 190 adsorbent particles can adsorb the target compounds from influent and consequently prepare 191 enough time for degradation with laccase [21].
Q14. What is the combination between the enzyme and the substrate?
At a specific pH, the best combination between 246 enzyme and the substrate can occur which results in a highly efficient catalytic reaction.