Journal ArticleDOI
Detection in situ and characterization of lignin in the G -layer of tension wood fibres of Populus deltoides
TLDR
Immunochemical labelling provides the first visualization in planta of lignin structures within the G-layer of tension wood fibres, and patterns of distribution of syringyl epitopes indicate thatSyringyl lignIn is deposited more intensely in the later phase of fibre secondary wall assembly, and is under specific spatial and temporal regulation targeted differentially throughout cell wall layers.Abstract:
The occurrence of lignin in the additional gelatinous (G-) layer that differentiates in the secondary wall of hardwoods during tension wood formation has long been debated. In the present work, the ultrastructural distribution of lignin in the cell walls of normal and tension wood fibres from poplar (Populus deltoides Bartr. ex Marshall) was investigated by transmission electron microscopy using cryo-fixation-freeze-substitution in association with immunogold probes directed against typical structural motifs of lignin. The specificity of the immunological probes for condensed and non-condensed guaiacyl and syringyl interunit linkages of lignin, and their high sensitivity, allowed detection of lignin epitopes of definite chemical structures in the G-layer of tension wood fibres. Semi-quantitative distribution of the corresponding epitopes revealed the abundance of syringyl units in the G-layer. Predominating non-condensed lignin sub-structures appeared to be embedded in the crystalline cellulose matrix prevailing in the G-layer. The endwise mode of polymerization that is known to lead to these types of lignin structures appears consistent with such an organized cellulose environment. Immunochemical labelling provides the first visualization in planta of lignin structures within the G-layer of tension wood. The patterns of distribution of syringyl epitopes indicate that syringyl lignin is deposited more intensely in the later phase of fibre secondary wall assembly. The data also illustrate that syringyl lignin synthesis in tension wood fibres is under specific spatial and temporal regulation targeted differentially throughout cell wall layers.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Abiotic and Biotic Stresses and Changes in the Lignin Content and Composition in Plants
Jullyana Cristina Magalhães Silva Moura,Cesar Augusto Valencise Bonine,Juliana de Oliveira Fernandes Viana,Marcelo Carnier Dornelas,Paulo Mazzafera +4 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a review focuses on recent literature reporting on the main types of abiotic and biotic stresses that alter the biosynthesis of lignin in plants and how a stressor modulates expression of the genes related with ligninsynthesis.
Biotechnology on genetic control of lignin biosynthesis in trees -Repression of lignin biosynthesis promotes cellulose accumulation and growth in transgenic trees-
HU Wen-jing,A Harding Scott,Jrhau Lung,Popko Jacqueline l.,John Ralph,D Stokke Douglas,Tsai Chung-jui,Vincent L. Chiang +7 more
TL;DR: It is indicated that lignin and cellulose deposition could be regulated in a compensatory fashion, which may contribute to metabolic flexibility and a growth advantage to sustain the long-term structural integrity of woody perennials.
Journal ArticleDOI
Nanofibrils in nature and materials engineering
TL;DR: This Review summarizes hierarchical design strategies of cellulose, silk and chitin, focusing on nanoconfinement, fibrillar orientation and alignment in 2D and 3D structures, and highlights the contribution of rational material design strategies to the development of mechanically anisotropic and responsive materials.
Journal ArticleDOI
Biosynthesis of cellulose-enriched tension wood in Populus: global analysis of transcripts and metabolites identifies biochemical and developmental regulators in secondary wall biosynthesis.
Sara Andersson-Gunnerås,Ewa J. Mellerowicz,Jonathan Love,Bo Segerman,Yasunori Ohmiya,Pedro M. Coutinho,Peter Nilsson,Bernard Henrissat,Thomas Moritz,Björn Sundberg +9 more
TL;DR: Major pathways for which the transcriptome and metabolome analysis suggested decreased activity were the pathway for C flux through guanosine 5'-diphosphate (GDP) sugars to mannans, the pentose phosphate pathway, lignin biosynthesis, and biosynthesis of cell wall matrix carbohydrates.
Journal ArticleDOI
Downregulation of Cinnamoyl-Coenzyme A Reductase in Poplar: Multiple-Level Phenotyping Reveals Effects on Cell Wall Polymer Metabolism and Structure
Jean-Charles Leplé,Jean-Charles Leplé,Jean-Charles Leplé,Rebecca Dauwe,Rebecca Dauwe,Kris Morreel,Kris Morreel,Veronique Storme,Veronique Storme,Catherine Lapierre,Brigitte Pollet,Annette Naumann,Kyu-Young Kang,Hoon Kim,Katia Ruel,Andrée Lefebvre,Jean-Paul Joseleau,Jacqueline Grima-Pettenati,Riet De Rycke,Riet De Rycke,Sara Andersson-Gunnerås,Alexander Erban,Ines Fehrle,Michel Petit-Conil,Joachim Kopka,Andrea Polle,Eric Messens,Eric Messens,Björn Sundberg,Shawn D. Mansfield,John Ralph,Gilles Pilate,Wout Boerjan,Wout Boerjan +33 more
TL;DR: Downregulation of CCR in transgenic poplar was associated with up to 50% reduced lignin content and an orange-brown, often patchy, coloration of the outer xylem, suggesting a stress response induced by the altered cell wall structure.
References
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Journal Article
Mise en evidence des polysaccharides sur coupes fines en microscopie electronique
Journal ArticleDOI
Phenolic Compounds and Their Role in Disease Resistance
TL;DR: This review addresses the problem of response localization and localization of phenolics relative to the sequential development of stages of disease that lead ultimately to resistance expression and initial demonstrations that phenols are significant components of the host.
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Lignification as a Mechanism of Disease Resistance
TL;DR: This review deals with the formation of lignin as a mechanism of resistance to plant disease and the possible specificity of lIGNin formation in disease resistance remains unresolved.
Journal ArticleDOI
Repression of lignin biosynthesis promotes cellulose accumulation and growth in transgenic trees
Wenjing Hu,Scott A. Harding,Jrhau Lung,Jacqueline L. Popko,John Ralph,Douglas D. Stokke,Chung-Jui Tsai,Vincent L. Chiang +7 more
TL;DR: In this article, the expression of a lignin biosynthetic pathway gene Pt4CL1 encoding 4-coumarate:coenzyme A ligase (4CL) has been downregulated by antisense inhibition.
Biotechnology on genetic control of lignin biosynthesis in trees -Repression of lignin biosynthesis promotes cellulose accumulation and growth in transgenic trees-
HU Wen-jing,A Harding Scott,Jrhau Lung,Popko Jacqueline l.,John Ralph,D Stokke Douglas,Tsai Chung-jui,Vincent L. Chiang +7 more
TL;DR: It is indicated that lignin and cellulose deposition could be regulated in a compensatory fashion, which may contribute to metabolic flexibility and a growth advantage to sustain the long-term structural integrity of woody perennials.