Journal ArticleDOI
Dietary Carotenoids, Vitamins A, C, and E, and Advanced Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Johanna M. Seddon,Umed A. Ajani,Robert D. Sperduto,Rita Hiller,Norman P. Blair,Thomas C. Burton,Marilyn D. Farber,Evangelos S. Gragoudas,Julia A. Haller,Dayton T. Miller,Lawrence A. Yannuzzi,Walter C. Willett +11 more
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TLDR
Increasing the consumption of foods rich in certain carotenoids, in particular dark green, leafy vegetables, may decrease the risk of developing advanced or exudative AMD, the most visually disabling form of macular degeneration among older people.Abstract:
Objective. —To evaluate the relationships between dietary intake of carotenoids and vitamins A, C, and E and the risk of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the leading cause of irreversible blindness among adults. Design. —The multicenter Eye Disease Case-Control Study. Setting. —Five ophthalmology centers in the United States. Patients. —A total of 356 case subjects who were diagnosed with the advanced stage of AMD within 1 year prior to their enrollment, aged 55 to 80 years, and residing near a participating clinical center. The 520 control subjects were from the same geographic areas as case subjects, had other ocular diseases, and were frequency-matched to cases according to age and sex. Main Outcome Measures. —The relative risk for AMD was estimated according to dietary indicators of antioxidant status, controlling for smoking and other risk factors, by using multiple logistic-regression analyses. Results. —A higher dietary intake of carotenoids was associated with a lower risk for AMD. Adjusting for other risk factors for AMD, we found that those in the highest quintile of carotenoid intake had a 43% lower risk for AMD compared with those in the lowest quintile (odds ratio, 0.57; 95% confidence interval, 0.35 to 0.92;Pfor trend=.02). Among the specific carotenoids, lutein and zeaxanthin, which are primarily obtained from dark green, leafy vegetables, were most strongly associated with a reduced risk for AMD (Pfor trend=.001). Several food items rich in carotenoids were inversely associated with AMD. In particular, a higher frequency of intake of spinach or collard greens was associated with a substantially lower risk for AMD (Pfor trend Conclusion. —Increasing the consumption of foods rich in certain carotenoids, in particular dark green, leafy vegetables, may decrease the risk of developing advanced or exudative AMD, the most visually disabling form of macular degeneration among older people. These findings support the need for further studies of this relationship. (JAMA. 1994;272:1413-1420)read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
A randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of high-dose supplementation with vitamins C and E, beta carotene, and zinc for age-related macular degeneration and vision loss: AREDS report no. 8
A. Kassoff,J. Kassoff,J. Buehler,M. Eglow,F. Kaufman,M. Mehu,S. Kieval,M. Mairs,B. Graig,A. Quattrocchi,David R. Jones,J. Locatelli,Alan J. Ruby,A Jr Capon,Bruce R. Garretson,Tarek S Hassan,Michael T. Trese,George A. Williams,V. Regan,P. Manatrey,P. Streasick,L. Szydlowski,F. McIver,C. Bridges,C. Stanley,K. Cumming,B. Lewis,Mary Zajechowski,R. R. Margherio,M. S. Cox,J. C. Werner,R. Falk,P. Siedlak,C. Neubert,Michael L. Klein,J. T. Stout,A. O'Malley,Andreas K. Lauer,Joseph E. Robertson,David J. Wilson,C. Beardsley,H. Anderson,P. Wallace,G. Smith,Shannon Howard,Richard F. Dreyer,C. Ma,R. G. Chenoweth,John Zilis,M. Johnson,Patrick B. Rice,H. Daniel,H. Crider,Stuart G Parker,K. Sherman,Daniel F. Martin,T M Sr Aaberg,P Jr Sternberg,Linda Curtis,B. Ju,James Gilman,B. Myles,S. Strittman,Christina Gentry,H. Yi,A Jr Capone,M. Lambert,Travis A. Meredith,T M Jr Aaberg,D. Saperstein,J. I. Lim,B. Stribling,D. Armiger,R. Swords,David H. Orth,T. P. Flood,J. Civantos,S. deBustros,Kirk H. Packo,Pauline T. Merrill,J. A. Cohen,Celeste Figliulo,Chris Morrison,D. A. Bryant,Don Doherty,M. McVicker,T. Drefcinski,J. M. Seddon,M. K. Pinnolis,N. Davis,I. Burton,T. Taitsel,David I. Walsh,J. Dubois-Moran,C. Callahan,Claudia Evans,K. K. Snow,D. A. Jones-Devonish,V. D. Crouse +98 more
TL;DR: People older than 55 years should have dilated eye examinations to determine their risk of developing advanced AMD and those with extensive intermediate size drusen, at least 1 large druse, noncentral geographic atrophy in 1 or both eyes, or advanced AMD or vision loss due to AMD in 1 eye should consider taking a supplement of antioxidants plus zinc.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Role of Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis of Age-Related Macular Degeneration
TL;DR: The concept that AMD can be attributed to cumulative oxidative stress is enticing, but remains unproven, and the effect of nutritional antioxidant supplements on the onset and natural course of age-related macular disease is currently being evaluated.
Journal ArticleDOI
Critical review: vegetables and fruit in the prevention of chronic diseases
Heiner Boeing,Angela Bechthold,Achim Bub,Sabine Ellinger,Dirk Haller,Anja Kroke,Eva Leschik-Bonnet,Manfred J. Müller,H Oberritter,Matthias B. Schulze,Peter Stehle,Bernhard Watzl +11 more
TL;DR: This critical review on the associations between the intake of vegetables and fruit and the risk of several chronic diseases shows that a high daily intake of these foods promotes health.
Journal ArticleDOI
Haematococcus astaxanthin: applications for human health and nutrition
TL;DR: The research reviewed supports the assumption that protecting body tissues from oxidative damage with daily ingestion of natural astaxanthin might be a practical and beneficial strategy in health management.
Journal ArticleDOI
The biosynthesis and nutritional uses of carotenoids.
Paul D. Fraser,Peter M. Bramley +1 more
TL;DR: The aim of this article is to review the current understanding of carotenoid formation, to explain the perceived benefits ofcarotenoids in the diet and review the efforts that have been made to increase carotanoids in certain crop plants.
References
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Reproducibility and validity of a semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire
Walter C. Willett,Walter C. Willett,Laura Sampson,Meir J. Stampfer,Meir J. Stampfer,Bernard Rosner,Chris Bain,Jelia C. Witschi,Charles H. Hennekens,Frank E. Speizer +9 more
TL;DR: Data indicate that a simple self-administered dietary questionnaire can provide useful information about individual nutrient intakes over a one-year period.
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Total energy intake: implications for epidemiologic analyses
TL;DR: While pitfalls in the manipulation and interpretation of energy intake data in epidemiologic studies have been emphasized, these considerations also highlight the usefulness of obtaining a measurement of total caloric intake, which is not accomplished with nutrient density measures of dietary intake.
Journal ArticleDOI
Prevalence of age-related maculopathy. The Beaver Dam Eye Study.
TL;DR: In this article, the relationship between retinal drusen, retinal pigmentary abnormalities, and macular degeneration to age and sex was studied in 4926 people between the ages of 43 and 86 years who participated in the Beaver Dam Eye Study.
Journal ArticleDOI
Carotenoid content of fruits and vegetables: An evaluation of analytic data
TL;DR: An artificial intelligence system was developed to evaluate data for carotenoid content of food in five general categories, namely, number of samples, analytic method, sample handling, sampling plan, and analytic quality control, and a confidence code, which is an indicator of the reliability of a specific carotENoid value for a food.
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A randomized, placebo-controlled, clinical trial of high-dose supplementation with vitamins C and E, beta carotene, and zinc for age-related macular degeneration and vision loss: AREDS report no. 8
A. Kassoff,J. Kassoff,J. Buehler,M. Eglow,F. Kaufman,M. Mehu,S. Kieval,M. Mairs,B. Graig,A. Quattrocchi,David R. Jones,J. Locatelli,Alan J. Ruby,A Jr Capon,Bruce R. Garretson,Tarek S Hassan,Michael T. Trese,George A. Williams,V. Regan,P. Manatrey,P. Streasick,L. Szydlowski,F. McIver,C. Bridges,C. Stanley,K. Cumming,B. Lewis,Mary Zajechowski,R. R. Margherio,M. S. Cox,J. C. Werner,R. Falk,P. Siedlak,C. Neubert,Michael L. Klein,J. T. Stout,A. O'Malley,Andreas K. Lauer,Joseph E. Robertson,David J. Wilson,C. Beardsley,H. Anderson,P. Wallace,G. Smith,Shannon Howard,Richard F. Dreyer,C. Ma,R. G. Chenoweth,John Zilis,M. Johnson,Patrick B. Rice,H. Daniel,H. Crider,Stuart G Parker,K. Sherman,Daniel F. Martin,T M Sr Aaberg,P Jr Sternberg,Linda Curtis,B. Ju,James Gilman,B. Myles,S. Strittman,Christina Gentry,H. Yi,A Jr Capone,M. Lambert,Travis A. Meredith,T M Jr Aaberg,D. Saperstein,J. I. Lim,B. Stribling,D. Armiger,R. Swords,David H. Orth,T. P. Flood,J. Civantos,S. deBustros,Kirk H. Packo,Pauline T. Merrill,J. A. Cohen,Celeste Figliulo,Chris Morrison,D. A. Bryant,Don Doherty,M. McVicker,T. Drefcinski,J. M. Seddon,M. K. Pinnolis,N. Davis,I. Burton,T. Taitsel,David I. Walsh,J. Dubois-Moran,C. Callahan,Claudia Evans,K. K. Snow,D. A. Jones-Devonish,V. D. Crouse +98 more