Dietary intake of polyphenols, nitrate and nitrite and gastric cancer risk in Mexico City.
Raúl U. Hernández-Ramírez,Marcia Galván-Portillo,Mary H. Ward,Antonio Agudo,Carlos González,Luis F. Oñate-Ocaña,Roberto Herrera-Goepfert,Oswaldo Palma-Coca,Lizbeth López-Carrillo +8 more
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Results show, for the first time, a protective effect for GC because of higher intake of cinnamic acids, secoisolariciresinol and coumestrol, and suggest that these polyphenols reduce GC risk through inhibition of endogenous nitrosation.Abstract:
N-nitroso compounds (NOC) are potent animal carcinogens and potential human carcinogens. The primary source of exposure for most individuals may be endogenous formation, a process that can be inhibited by dietary polyphenols. To estimate the risk of gastric cancer (GC) in relation to the individual and combined consumption of polyphenols and NOC precursors (nitrate and nitrite), a population-based case-control study was carried out in Mexico City from 2004 to 2005 including 257 histologically confirmed GC cases and 478 controls. Intake of polyphenols, nitrate and nitrite were estimated using a food frequency questionnaire. High intakes of cinnamic acids, secoisolariciresinol and coumestrol were associated with an approximately 50% reduction in GC risk. A high intake of total nitrite as well as nitrate and nitrite from animal sources doubled the GC risk. Odds ratios around 2-fold were observed among individuals with both low intake of cinnamic acids, secoisolariciresinol or coumestrol and high intake of animal-derived nitrate or nitrite, compared to high intake of the polyphenols and low animal nitrate or nitrite intake, respectively. Results were similar for both the intestinal and diffuse types of GC. Our results show, for the first time, a protective effect for GC because of higher intake of cinnamic acids, secoisolariciresinol and coumestrol, and suggest that these polyphenols reduce GC risk through inhibition of endogenous nitrosation. The main sources of these polyphenols were pears, mangos and beans for cinnamic acids; beans, carrots and squash for secoisolariciresinol and legumes for coumestrol.read more
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Berry flavonoids and phenolics: bioavailability and evidence of protective effects
TL;DR: In vitro and in vivo bioactivities of these polyphenol metabolites and catabolites are assessed, and the current evidence for their involvement in the protective effects of dietary polyphenols, within the gastrointestinal tract and other parts of the body to which they are transported by the circulatory system is reviewed.
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Ingested nitrate and nitrite and stomach cancer risk: An updated review
TL;DR: A critical review of the animal toxicology literature of nitrite indicates that in the absence of co-administration of a carcinogenic nitrosamine precursor, there is no evidence for carcinogenesis and this new and growing body of evidence calls for a reconsideration of nitrites and nitrate safety.
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Dietary Nitrates, Nitrites, and Nitrosamines Intake and the Risk of Gastric Cancer: A Meta-Analysis
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TL;DR: High nitrates intake was associated with a weak but statistically significant reduced risk of gastric cancer, Whereas increased consumption of nitrites and NDMA seemed to be risk factors for cancer.
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Dietary Polyphenols and Human Gut Microbiota: a Review
TL;DR: Data is summarized on the influence of dietary polyphenols on gut microbiota and the main interactions between dietarypolyphenols and beneficial and pathogenic intestinal bacteria.
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Dietary N-nitroso compounds, endogenous nitrosation, and the risk of esophageal and gastric cancer subtypes in the Netherlands Cohort Study
TL;DR: It is suggested that N-nitrosodimethylamine compounds may influence the risk of ESCC in men, but there are no clear associations for other esophageal and gastric subtypes.
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