Showing papers in "The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition in 2013"

TL;DR: Sensitivity analyses of RCTs in children showed more pronounced benefits in preventing weight gain in SSB substitution trials (compared with school-based educational programs) and among overweight children (comparing with normal-weight children).

TL;DR: The Meta-Analysis for Eye Disease (META-EYE) Study Group’s Global Prevalence and Major Risk Factors of Diabetic Retinopathy and Diabetes care, 35 (3).

TL;DR: Low-carbohydrate, low-GI, Mediterranean, and high-protein diets are effective in improving various markers of cardiovascular risk in people with diabetes and should be considered in the overall strategy of diabetes management.

TL;DR: The hypothesis that colon cancer risk is influenced by the balance between microbial production of health-promoting metabolites such as butyrate and potentially carcinogenic metabolitessuch as secondary bile acids is supported.

TL;DR: Anthocyanins are more bioavailable than previously perceived, and their metabolites are present in the circulation for ≤48 h after ingestion, as investigated in humans.

TL;DR: A decrease in SSB consumption among youth and adults in the United States was observed between 1999 and 2010, with decreases both in the home and away from home and also with both meals and snacks.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors conducted an updated systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of dairy product intake and the risk of type 2 diabetes and found that there is a significant inverse association between intakes of dairy products, low-fat dairy products and cheese and risk of Type 2 diabetes.

TL;DR: It is argued that adolescence represents an additional window of opportunity during which substantial life cycle and intergenerational effects can be accrued and the growing impression that interventions outside of this period cannot be effective is countered.

TL;DR: Growth failure in early life has profound adverse consequences over the life course on human, social, and economic capital and stunting at age 24 mo to adult human capital, marriage, fertility, health, andEconomic outcomes.

TL;DR: Regular activity breaks were more effective than continuous physical activity at decreasing postprandial glycemia and insulinemia in healthy, normal-weight adults.

TL;DR: It is found that consumption of foods rich in cereal fiber or mixtures of whole grains and bran is modestly associated with a reduced risk of obesity, T2D, and CVD.

TL;DR: An increase in gut microbiota richness and in the number of associations between gut microbiota and WAT genes after RYGB in obesity is shown, stimulating deeper explorations of the mechanisms linking gut microbiome and Wat pathological alterations in human obesity and its changes after weight loss.

TL;DR: Trans-Resveratrol metabolism by human gut microbiota shows pronounced interindividual differences, which should be taken into account during investigation of health-related effects of this stilbene.

TL;DR: Blueberry intake acutely improves vascular function in healthy men in a time- and intake-dependent manner and may be mechanistically linked to the actions of circulating phenolic metabolites on neutrophil NADPH oxidase activity.

TL;DR: Resveratrol significantly improves glucose control and insulin sensitivity in persons with diabetes but does not affect glycemic measures in nondiabetic persons.

TL;DR: Circulating and dietary magnesium are inversely associated with CVD risk, which supports the need for clinical trials to evaluate the potential role of magnesium in the prevention of CVD and IHD.

TL;DR: The correction of poor vitamin D status through dietary supplementation may be an effective addition to the standard treatment of obesity and its associated insulin resistance.

TL;DR: A supplement of 600 mg DHA/d in the last half of gestation resulted in overall greater gestation duration and infant size, and a reduction in early preterm and very-low birth weight could be important clinical and public health outcomes of DHA supplementation.

TL;DR: This meta-analysis suggests that egg consumption is not associated with the risk of CVD and cardiac mortality in the general population, however, egg consumption may be associated with an increased incidence of type 2 diabetes among the generalpopulation and CVD comorbidity among diabetic patients.

TL;DR: A high-fiber dietary pattern and subsequent consistent production of SCFAs and healthy gut microbiota are associated with a reduced risk of A-CRA.

TL;DR: In this paper, the association between combinations of stunting, wasting, and underweight and mortality among children <5 y of age was quantified, and study-specific mortality HRs using Cox proportional hazards models and used a random-effects model to pool HRs across studies.

TL;DR: Despite containing large amounts of plant-based foods, self-selected diets of the highest nutritional quality are currently not those with the lowest diet-related GHGEs.

TL;DR: In this large cohort study, serum 25(OH)D concentrations were inversely associated with all-cause and cause-specific mortality, and vitamin D deficiency was strongly associated with mortality from all causes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and respiratory diseases.

TL;DR: Whole-grain consumption does not decrease body weight compared with control consumption, but a small beneficial effect on body fat may be present.

TL;DR: Clear evidence is shown of the presence of bioactive peptides in the jejunum of healthy humans who ingested casein and WP ingestion, which raises the question about the physiologic conditions under which these peptides can express their bioactivity in humans.

TL;DR: Circulating trans-palmitoleate is associated with higher LDL cholesterol but also with lower triglycerides, fasting insulin, blood pressure, and incident diabetes in a multiethnic US cohort, and these findings support the need for further experimental and dietary intervention studies that target circulating trans-Palmitolesate.

TL;DR: Consuming a vegetarian diet was associated with lower IHD risk, a finding that is probably mediated by differences in non-HDL cholesterol, and systolic blood pressure.

TL;DR: Both SSB consumption and ASB consumption were associated with increased T2D risk, and randomized trials are required to prove a causal link between SSBs and ASBs.

TL;DR: DHA supplementation improved memory and the RT of memory in healthy, young adults whose habitual diets were low in DHA and APOE did not affect cognitive function, but there were some indications of APOE × sex × treatment interactions.