Journal ArticleDOI
Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Human Colonic Function: Roles of Resistant Starch and Nonstarch Polysaccharides
TLDR
Resistant starch is a prebiotic, but knowledge of its other interactions with the microflora is limited and the contribution of RS to fermentation and colonic physiology seems to be greater than that of NSP.Abstract:
Resistant starch (RS) is starch and products of its small intestinal digestion that enter the large bowel. It occurs for various reasons including chemical structure, cooking of food, chemical modification, and food mastication. Human colonic bacteria ferment RS and nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP; major components of dietary fiber) to short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), mainly acetate, propionate, and butyrate. SCFA stimulate colonic blood flow and fluid and electrolyte uptake. Butyrate is a preferred substrate for colonocytes and appears to promote a normal phenotype in these cells. Fermentation of some RS types favors butyrate production. Measurement of colonic fermentation in humans is difficult, and indirect measures (e.g., fecal samples) or animal models have been used. Of the latter, rodents appear to be of limited value, and pigs or dogs are preferable. RS is less effective than NSP in stool bulking, but epidemiological data suggest that it is more protective against colorectal cancer, possibly via butyrate. RS is a prebiotic, but knowledge of its other interactions with the microflora is limited. The contribution of RS to fermentation and colonic physiology seems to be greater than that of NSP. However, the lack of a generally accepted analytical procedure that accommodates the major influences on RS means this is yet to be established.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Metagenomic Analysis of the Human Distal Gut Microbiome
Steven R. Gill,Mihai Pop,Robert T. DeBoy,Paul B. Eckburg,Paul B. Eckburg,Peter J. Turnbaugh,Buck S. Samuel,Jeffrey I. Gordon,David A. Relman,David A. Relman,Claire M. Fraser-Liggett,Karen E. Nelson +11 more
TL;DR: Using metabolic function analyses of identified genes, the human genome is compared with the average content of previously sequenced microbial genomes and humans are superorganisms whose metabolism represents an amalgamation of microbial and human attributes.
Journal ArticleDOI
The role of short-chain fatty acids in the interplay between diet, gut microbiota, and host energy metabolism
Gijs den Besten,Karen van Eunen,Albert K. Groen,Koen Venema,Dirk-Jan Reijngoud,Barbara M. Bakker +5 more
TL;DR: This review summarizes the role of SCFAs in host energy metabolism, starting from the production by the gut microbiota to the uptake by the host and ending with the effects on host metabolism.
Journal ArticleDOI
Colonic health: fermentation and short chain fatty acids.
TL;DR: More human studies are now needed on SCFAs, especially, given the diverse nature of carbohydrate substrates and the SCFA patterns resulting from their fermentation, which will be key to the success of dietary recommendations to maximize colonic disease prevention.
Journal ArticleDOI
Review article: the role of butyrate on colonic function
Henrike M. Hamer,Daisy Jonkers,Koen Venema,Steven Vanhoutvin,Freddy J. Troost,Robert Brummer +5 more
TL;DR: Butyrate is an important energy source for intestinal epithelial cells and plays a role in the maintenance of colonic homeostasis, and is a main end‐product of intestinal microbial fermentation of mainly dietary fibre.
Journal ArticleDOI
Microbiota and SCFA in Lean and Overweight Healthy Subjects
Andreas Schwiertz,David Taras,Klaus Schäfer,Silvia Beijer,Nicolaas A. Bos,Christiane Donus,Philip D. Hardt +6 more
TL;DR: The results contradict previous reports with regard to the contribution of various bacterial groups to the development of obesity and this issue remains controversial.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Dietary Modulation of the Human Colonic Microbiota: Introducing the Concept of Prebiotics
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Journal Article
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Journal ArticleDOI
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Journal ArticleDOI
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