Diffusion tensor tractography findings in schizophrenia across the adult lifespan
Aristotle N. Voineskos,Nancy J. Lobaugh,Sylvain Bouix,Tarek K. Rajji,Dielle Miranda,James L. Kennedy,Benoit H. Mulsant,Bruce G. Pollock,Martha E. Shenton,Martha E. Shenton +9 more
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TLDR
The absence of accelerated age-related decline, or differences between older community-dwelling patients and controls, suggests that these patients may possess resilience to white matter disruption, the first study to examine microstructural integrity of frontotemporal white matter tracts across the adult lifespan in schizophrenia.Abstract:
In healthy adult individuals, late life is a dynamic time of change with respect to the microstructural integrity of white matter tracts. Yet, elderly individuals are generally excluded from diffusion tensor imaging studies in schizophrenia. Therefore, we examined microstructural integrity of frontotemporal and interhemispheric white matter tracts in schizophrenia across the adult lifespan. Diffusion tensor imaging data from 25 younger schizophrenic patients ( or = 56 years) and 25 older controls were analysed. Patients with schizophrenia in each group were individually matched to controls. Whole-brain tractography and clustering segmentation were employed to isolate white matter tracts. Groups were compared using repeated measures analysis of variance with 12 within-group measures of fractional anisotropy: (left and right) uncinate fasciculus, arcuate fasciculus, inferior longitudinal fasciculus, inferior occipito-frontal fasciculus, cingulum bundle, and genu and splenium of the corpus callosum. For each white matter tract, fractional anisotropy was then regressed against age in patients and controls, and correlation coefficients compared. The main effect of group (F(3,92) = 12.2, P < 0.001), and group by tract interactions (F(26,832) = 1.68, P = 0.018) were evident for fractional anisotropy values. Younger patients had significantly lower fractional anisotropy than younger controls (Bonferroni-corrected alpha = 0.0042) in the left uncinate fasciculus (t(48) = 3.7, P = 0.001) and right cingulum bundle (t(48) = 3.6, P = 0.001), with considerable effect size, but the older groups did not differ. Schizophrenic patients did not demonstrate accelerated age-related decline compared with healthy controls in any white matter tract. To our knowledge, this is the first study to examine the microstructural integrity of frontotemporal white matter tracts across the adult lifespan in schizophrenia. The left uncinate fasciculus and right cingulum bundle are disrupted in younger chronic patients with schizophrenia compared with matched controls, suggesting that these white matter tracts are related to frontotemporal disconnectivity. The absence of accelerated age-related decline, or differences between older community-dwelling patients and controls, suggests that these patients may possess resilience to white matter disruption.read more
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Structure and function of complex brain networks.
TL;DR: Network methods are increasingly applied in a clinical context, and their promise for elucidating neural substrates of brain and mental disorders is discussed.
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Dissecting the uncinate fasciculus: disorders, controversies and a hypothesis.
TL;DR: It is proposed that an overarching role of the uncinate fasciculus is to allow temporal lobe-based mnemonic associations to modify behaviour through interactions with the lateral orbitofrontal cortex, which provides valence-based biasing of decisions.
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Aberrant Frontal and Temporal Complex Network Structure in Schizophrenia: A Graph Theoretical Analysis
Martijn P. van den Heuvel,René C.W. Mandl,Cornelis J. Stam,René S. Kahn,Hilleke E. Hulshoff Pol +4 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that schizophrenia involves an aberrant topology of the structural infrastructure of the brain network, which suggests that schizophrenia patients have a less strongly globally integrated structural brain network with a reduced central role for key frontal hubs.
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Abnormal Rich Club Organization and Functional Brain Dynamics in Schizophrenia
Martijn P. van den Heuvel,Olaf Sporns,Guusje Collin,Thomas W. Scheewe,René C.W. Mandl,Wiepke Cahn,Joaquín Goñi,Hilleke E. Hulshoff Pol,René S. Kahn +8 more
TL;DR: These findings provide novel biological evidence that schizophrenia is characterized by a selective disruption of brain connectivity among central hub regions of the brain, potentially leading to reduced communication capacity and altered functional brain dynamics.
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Automated probabilistic reconstruction of white-matter pathways in health and disease using an atlas of the underlying anatomy.
Anastasia Yendiki,Patricia Panneck,Priti Srinivasan,Allison Stevens,Lilla Zöllei,Jean C. Augustinack,Ruopeng Wang,David H. Salat,Stefan Ehrlich,Stefan Ehrlich,Timothy E.J. Behrens,Saad Jbabdi,Randy L. Gollub,Bruce Fischl,Bruce Fischl +14 more
TL;DR: It is shown that, since the method does not constrain the exact spatial location or shape of the pathways but only their trajectory relative to the surrounding anatomical structures, a set a of healthy training subjects can be used to reconstruct the pathways accurately in patients as well as in controls.
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