Showing papers in "Journal of Psychiatric Research in 2007"

TL;DR: A review of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies in schizophrenia can be found in this article, where the authors review the basic principles involved in MR-DTI, followed by a review of the different methods used to evaluate diffusion.

TL;DR: The adjustment of nurses in the more structured SARS ICU environment, where nurses care for even more severely ill patients, may have been as good or better than that of nursesIn the regular SARS unit, which protected against acute stress.

TL;DR: PTSD patients showed a low-grade systemic proinflammatory state, which, moreover, was related to PTSD symptom levels suggesting one mechanism by which PTSD could contribute to atherosclerotic disease.

TL;DR: Suppression of proinflammatory cytokines does not occur in depressed patients who fail to respond to SSRIs and is necessary for clinical recovery.

TL;DR: A peripheral oxidative imbalance indicates that systemic changes are taking place during the active phases of the illness, as indicated by serum S100B elevation, which appears to relate to astrocyte function.

TL;DR: The categories of drugs used to treat severe depression are detailed herein, as are several non-pharmacologic options including a number of experimental treatments.

TL;DR: Assessment of the val66val BDNF allele and a range of other SNPs as potential vulnerability factors for bipolar illness and its early onset could facilitate studies of early intervention, help reduce long delays between the onset of first symptoms and the first treatment, and help in the prediction of individual patient's likelihood of responding to a given treatment.

TL;DR: This new mouse model fulfils common criteria for face and predictive validity and can be used to investigate the biological correlates of individual fear susceptibility, as well as the impact and interrelationship of associative and non-associative fear components in the development and maintenance of PTSD.

TL;DR: The decrease of BDNF serum levels in AD and NPH may reflect a lack of trophic support and thus contribute to progressive degeneration in both diseases and CSF seems to be no useful source to determine BDNF in AD or NPH because of too low concentrations.

TL;DR: Recently synthetic GABA(A) agonists, particularly gaboxadol and the GABA reuptake inhibitor tiagabine were shown to differ distinctly in their action from allosteric modulators of the GABA( A) receptor like benzodiazepines as they promote slow-wave sleep, decrease wakefulness and do not affect REMS.

TL;DR: Patients' self-rated functional status was correlated with their subjective quality of life, but remarkably unassociated with case manager ratings of functional status or their own performance on functional capacity or social skills measures, while overestimators were most cognitively and functionally impaired.

TL;DR: Prevalences in a large metropolitan area in the US and the association of DSM-IV diagnoses to functional impairment and selected demographic correlates are presented, suggesting commonality of prevalences and associated factors in diverse study settings, including urban and rural areas.

TL;DR: The notion of a low-grade systemic inflammation in older patients with LOAD or VD, characterized by an increase in plasma IL-1beta and TNF-alpha levels is supported.

TL;DR: This is the fist study which demonstrates the localization of TPH1 and TPH2 mRNA in different regions of the human brain and provides further support for a duality of the serotonergic system.

TL;DR: The goal of the present review was to identify and evaluate the strengths and weaknesses ofcurrently available performance-based assessments of functional living skills for adult populations, and to make specific recommendations regarding use of currently available instruments as well as recommendations for future instrument development.

TL;DR: Enhanced activation in the amygdala/SLEA is interpreted as a possible consequence of altered future thinking in patients suffering from depression, and does represent evidence that altered cognitions as potentially involved in expectation result in differences in brain activity.

TL;DR: Hippocampal volumes were significantly reduced in the patient group even after adjusting for intracranial brain volume (ICV) and age, and age was significantly negatively correlated with uncorrected hippocampal volumes.

TL;DR: Compared to the homosexual and heterosexual control subjects, pedophiles showed decreased gray matter volume in the ventral striatum, the orbitofrontal cortex and the cerebellum, indicating an association between frontostriatal morphometric abnormalities and pedophilia.

TL;DR: Data support that the presence of comorbid anxiety disorders in individuals with bipolar disorder should trigger careful clinical assessment of suicide risk, including an earlier age at bipolar onset and a lack of current bipolar recovery.

TL;DR: A history of childhood rape and molestation were significantly associated with visual, auditory and tactile hallucinations and Experiencing multiple types of trauma was associated with increases in the likelihood of reporting each of the three types of hallucinations.

TL;DR: The results reinforce previous findings of reduced serum BDNF levels in schizophrenic patients and suggest a differential effect of clozapine compared to typical antipsychotics on such levels.

TL;DR: Compulsive hoarders responded as well to paroxetine treatment as non-hoarding OCD patients, suggesting that SRI medications are effective for compulsive hoarding.

TL;DR: Post-treatment with several atypical antipsychotics for 90 days after 90 day of HAL treatment significantly restored the HAL-induced loss in MnSOD and CuZnSOD activities and increase in lipid peroxidation products as well as cellular morphology.

TL;DR: The findings of decreased T- and B-Cell numbers in AD sustain the hypothesis of a general decline of immune activity in AD and suggest a putative association with premature immunosenescence in AD.

TL;DR: S Severity of depression, ethnicity and weight (overweight or obese) were strongly associated with the presence of treatment, and were higher in women, middle-aged and non-Hispanic white individuals.

TL;DR: In this pilot study DBT treatment was accompanied by neural changes in limbic and cortical regions resembling those reported on psychotherapy effects in other mental disorders, and fMRI designs that use multiple repeated measures are suitable for application in therapy research.

TL;DR: DCS did not enhance the reduction of spider fears or the generalisation of treatment of a single session of exposure-based therapy, suggesting that DCS may not enhance loss of non-clinical levels of fear in human populations.

TL;DR: The results suggest that the number of hassles experienced by young people at UHR of psychosis could be an important factor in raising their cortisol levels, which might, in turn, affect the severity of depressive and anxiety symptoms.

TL;DR: In the model, a high level of sleep disturbances was a significant predictor for treatment response to rTMS and a low score of treatment resistance and a short duration of episode were positive predictors, providing new evidence that especially pronounced sleep disturbances may be a significant clinical predictor of a response torTMS.

TL;DR: The results indicate that metabolic, state-dependent changes within the left DLPFC in major depressive disorder involve the glutamate system and can be reversed in a dose-dependent manner by rTMS.