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Direct somatosensory projections from the spinal cord to the hypothalamus and telencephalon

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TLDR
This work antidromically identified nociceptive spinal cord neurons that project directly to the lateral hypothalamus in rats, demonstrating a direct somatosensory projection from the spinal cord to the hypothalamus and several telencephalic regions.
Abstract
Somatosensory input to the hypothalamus has been thought to ascend via an indirect, multisynaptic pathway. However, we have antidromically identified nociceptive spinal cord neurons that project directly to the lateral hypothalamus in rats. Retrograde tracers injected into the lateral hypothalamus labeled many spinal neurons bilaterally within the marginal zone, the lateral reticulated area, the lateral spinal nucleus, and the area surrounding the central canal. An anterograde tracer injected into these areas of the spinal cord labeled fibers and terminals in the lateral hypothalamus and, surprisingly, in a number of telencephalic areas. These findings demonstrate a direct somatosensory projection from the spinal cord to the hypothalamus and several telencephalic regions.

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References
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Journal ArticleDOI

The early stages of absorption of injected horseradish peroxidase in the proximal tubules of mouse kidney: ultrastructural cytochemistry by a new technique.

TL;DR: The early stages of absorption of intravenously injected horseradish peroxidase in proximal tubules of mouse kidney were studied with a new ultrastructural cytochemical technique, which gives sharp localization and is sensitive to protein transport.
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Which elements are excited in electrical stimulation of mammalian central nervous system: a review

TL;DR: There are data on the amount of current necessary to stimulate a myelinated fiber or cell body and/or its axon a given distance away from a monopolar electrode over the entire range of practical interest for intracranial stimulation.
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An anterograde neuroanatomical tracing method that shows the detailed morphology of neurons, their axons and terminals: Immunohistochemical localization of an axonally transported plant lectin, Phaseolus vulgaris-leucoagglutinin (PHA-L).

TL;DR: A new neuroanatomical method for tracing connections in the central nervous system based on the anterograde axonal transport of the kidney bean lectin, Phaseolus vulgaris-leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) is described, which offers several advantages over present techniques.
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Fluoro-gold: a new fluorescent retrograde axonal tracer with numerous unique properties

TL;DR: A new fluorescent dye, Fluoro-Gold, has been demonstrated to undergo retrograde axonal transport and its properties include intense fluorescence, extensive filling of dendrites, high resistance to fading, wide latitude of survival times and compatibility with all other tested neuro-histochemical techniques.
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Spinal termination of functionally identified primary afferent neurons with slowly conducting myelinated fibers.

TL;DR: Results suggest that there is a highly specialized central projection of primary afferent endings which is related to sensory function and not to fiber diameter, and which receives direct input from cutaneous receptors transmitting activity initiated by innocuous stimulation.
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