Journal ArticleDOI
Distribution of birch (Betula SPP.), willow (Salix SPP.), and poplar (Populus SPP.) secondary metabolites and their potential role as chemical defense against herbivores.
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Isoprenoids and phenolics, major metabolites of important browse species, are reviewed in regard to concentrations, distribution within tissues, and between species.Abstract:
Isoprenoids and phenolics, major metabolites of important browse species, are reviewed in regard to concentrations, distribution within tissues, and between species. Seasonal variation of specific substances and changes with age of the plant are also considered. The distribution of substances may affect food selection and feeding behavior of animals. Wild mammalian herbivores tend to avoid plant parts rich in these substances, in spite of high nutritional content of the plant tissue. Possible mechanisms for defense by plants against depredation by mammalian herbivores are discussed within the framework of the plants' biochemistry.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
The dilemma of plants: To grow or defend.
TL;DR: A conceptual model of the evolution of plant defense is concluded, in which plant physioligical trade-offs interact with the abiotic environment, competition and herbivory.
Journal ArticleDOI
Responses of Diciduous Trees to Elevated Atmospheric CO2: Productivity, Phytochemistry, and Insect Performance
TL;DR: It is illustrated that tree productivity and chemistry, and the performance of associated insects, will change under CO2 atmospheres predicted for the next century, and relative increases in tree growth rates will be greatest for aspen and least for maple.
Journal ArticleDOI
Diversity of structure and antiherbivore activity in condensed tannins
TL;DR: Results challenge the view that tannins provide an evolutionarily stable plant defense because of their uniform chemical properties, and suggest that the same tannin can have different effects on different herbivores.
Journal ArticleDOI
Genetically based trait in a dominant tree affects ecosystem processes
Jennifer A. Schweitzer,Joseph K. Bailey,Gregory D. Martinsen,Stephen C. Hart,Paul Keim,Thomas G. Whitham +5 more
TL;DR: It is shown that plant genes had strong, immediate effects on ecosystem function via a tight coupling of plant polyphenols to rates of nitrogen cycling through the use of condensed tannin inputs from foliage.
Journal ArticleDOI
Role of Enemy-Free Space and Plant Quality in Host-Plant Selection by Willow Beetles
TL;DR: It is argued that herbivores such as P. vitellinae obtain enemy—free space on hosts from which they sequesters plant—derived allelochemicals for defense through dietary specialization on host—plant species that provide these precursors for defense.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Herbivory in relation to plant nitrogen content
TL;DR: The evidence that N is scarce and perhaps a limiting nutrient for many herbivores, and that in response to this selection pressure, many Herbivores have evolved specific behavioral, morphological, physiological, and other adaptations to cope with and uti lize the ambient N levels of their normal haunts is examined.
Book ChapterDOI
Plant apparency and chemical defense
TL;DR: A test of how far understanding of insect ecology has progressed will be the authors' ability to predict how patterns vary from one kind of community to another and how they will change when subjected to natural or human disturbance.
Strategies in herbivory by mammals: the role of
W. J. Freeland,Daniel H. Janzen +1 more
TL;DR: Large herbivores must select food from a wide variety of plant parts, species, and strains, and should prefer to feed on foods that contain small amounts of secondary compounds, and their body size and searching strategies should be adapted to optimize the number of types of foods available.
Journal ArticleDOI
Strategies in Herbivory by Mammals: The Role of Plant Secondary Compounds
W. J. Freeland,Daniel H. Janzen +1 more
TL;DR: In addition, the authors found that the ubiquitous nature of these compounds would make herbivory impossible unless animals had mechanisms for degrading and excreting them, which is not the case for humans.
Journal ArticleDOI
Secondary compounds as protective agents
TL;DR: Insect Chemoreceptors, Insect-deterrent Properties of Secondary Compounds, and the Complexity of Allelopathy.