Journal ArticleDOI
Dopamine, learning and motivation
TLDR
Dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens has been linked to the efficacy of these unconditioned rewards, but dopamine release in a broader range of structures is implicated in the 'stamping-in' of memory that attaches motivational importance to otherwise neutral environmental stimuli.Abstract:
The hypothesis that dopamine is important for reward has been proposed in a number of forms, each of which has been challenged. Normally, rewarding stimuli such as food, water, lateral hypothalamic brain stimulation and several drugs of abuse become ineffective as rewards in animals given performance-sparing doses of dopamine antagonists. Dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens has been linked to the efficacy of these unconditioned rewards, but dopamine release in a broader range of structures is implicated in the 'stamping-in' of memory that attaches motivational importance to otherwise neutral environmental stimuli.read more
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Reinforcement Learning: An Introduction
TL;DR: This book provides a clear and simple account of the key ideas and algorithms of reinforcement learning, which ranges from the history of the field's intellectual foundations to the most recent developments and applications.
Journal ArticleDOI
Neural systems of reinforcement for drug addiction: from actions to habits to compulsion
TL;DR: It is hypothesized that the change from voluntary drug use to more habitual and compulsive drug use represents a transition at the neural level from prefrontal cortical to striatal control over drug seeking and drug taking behavior as well as a progression from ventral to more dorsal domains of the striatum, involving its dopaminergic innervation.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Dopamine Hypothesis of Schizophrenia: Version III—The Final Common Pathway
Oliver D. Howes,Shitij Kapur +1 more
TL;DR: The dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia-version III is synthesized into a comprehensive framework that links risk factors, including pregnancy and obstetric complications, stress and trauma, drug use, and genes, to increased presynaptic striatal dopaminergic function.
Journal ArticleDOI
The debate over dopamine’s role in reward: the case for incentive salience
TL;DR: Dopamine’s contribution appears to be chiefly to cause ‘wanting’ for hedonic rewards, more than ‘liking’ or learning for those rewards.
Journal ArticleDOI
Essential Role of BDNF in the Mesolimbic Dopamine Pathway in Social Defeat Stress
Olivier Berton,Colleen A. McClung,Ralph J. DiLeone,Vaishnav Krishnan,William Renthal,Scott J. Russo,Danielle Graham,Nadia M. Tsankova,Carlos A. Bolaños,Maribel Rios,Lisa M. Monteggia,David W. Self,Eric J. Nestler,Eric J. Nestler +13 more
TL;DR: It is shown that viral-mediated, mesolimbic dopamine pathway–specific knockdown of brain-derived neurotrophic factor is required for the development of experience-dependent social aversion in mice experiencing repeated aggression.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The neural basis of drug craving: An incentive-sensitization theory of addiction
TL;DR: S sensitization of incentive salience can produce addictive behavior even if the expectation of drug pleasure or the aversive properties of withdrawal are diminished and even in the face of strong disincentives, including the loss of reputation, job, home and family.
Journal ArticleDOI
Drugs abused by humans preferentially increase synaptic dopamine concentrations in the mesolimbic system of freely moving rats.
G. Di Chiara,Assunta Imperato +1 more
TL;DR: The effect of various drugs on the extracellular concentration of dopamine in two terminal dopaminergic areas, the nucleus accumbens septi (a limbic area) and the dorsal caudate nucleus (a subcortical motor area), was studied in freely moving rats by using brain dialysis as mentioned in this paper.
Book
The rat nervous system
TL;DR: The present work focuses on the development of brain Stem Systems Involved in the Blink Reflex, Feeding Mechanisms, and Micturition of the Spinal Cord, which are involved in the selection of somatic and emotional components of the Motor System in Mammals.
Journal ArticleDOI
A critical review: vitamin b deficiency and nervous disease.
C. D. Aring,Tom Douglas Spies +1 more
TL;DR: The artificial synthesis of a number of the components of the vitamin B complex has made available pure crystalline material in large amounts for clinical research, and thus a milestone in the history of these affections has been passed.
Journal ArticleDOI
What is the role of dopamine in reward: hedonic impact, reward learning, or incentive salience?
TL;DR: It is suggested that dopamine may be more important to incentive salience attributions to the neural representations of reward-related stimuli and is a distinct component of motivation and reward.