Dry Eye Syndrome in Menopause and Perimenopausal Age Group.
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TLDR
It is important for primary care physicians to understand DED due to its high prevalence, often debilitating symptoms and the potentially preventable and treatable nature of the condition.Abstract:
Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial ocular surface disease that causes symptoms of ocular pain, discomfort, and decreased visual acuity. It significantly affects quality of life of patients. It is more prevalent in the females and is being specifically in the menopausal and postmenopausal age group. This is believed to be due to the changes in balance of sex hormones. Sex hormones - estrogens and androgens - influence production of all components of the tear film including aqueous layer, lipid, and mucin. Various mechanisms such as decrease in hormonal levels, shift in feedback mechanisms, and changes in receptor receptivity interplay to alter the ocular surface homeostasis and subsequently result in DED. Several studies have suggested potential role of hormone replacement therapy in menopause-associated dry eye symptoms. The purpose of this review is to help the non ophthalmic physicians about DED encountered commonly in menopausal age group. It is important for primary care physicians to understand DED due to its high prevalence, often debilitating symptoms and the potentially preventable and treatable nature of the condition.read more
Citations
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References
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TL;DR: A new definition of dry eye was developed to reflect current understanding of the disease, and a three-part classification system was recommended, based on the severity of the dry eye disease, which is expected to provide a rational basis for therapy.
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TL;DR: Dry eye syndrome leading to a clinical diagnosis or severe symptoms is prevalent, affecting over 3.2 million American women middle-aged and older and it also affects many women in their 40s and 50s.
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Catherine A. McCarty,Aashish K Bansal,Patricia M. Livingston,Y. L. Stanislavsky,Hugh R. Taylor +4 more
TL;DR: The epidemiology of dry eye in the adult population of Melbourne, Australia is described to describe the first reported population-based data ofdry eye in Australia, where the prevalence of dryEye varies by sign and symptom.
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Prevalence of dry eye among an elderly Chinese population in Taiwan: the Shihpai Eye Study.
TL;DR: The prevalence of dry eye, although varied according to definition, is relatively higher in this study than that reported for whites, and further studies are needed to determine whether this is due to racial or environmental factors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Hormone replacement therapy and dry eye syndrome.
TL;DR: Data suggest that women who use HRT, particularly estrogen alone, are at increased risk of dry eye syndrome, and physicians caring for women who are taking or considering HRT should be apprised of this potential complication.