Journal ArticleDOI
Effects of Tropospheric O3 on Trembling Aspen and Interaction with CO2: Results from an O3-Gradient and a Face Experiment
David F. Karnosky,B. Mankovska,Kevin E. Percy,Richard E. Dickson,Gopi K. Podila,Jaak Sober,Asko Noormets,George R. Hendrey,Mark D. Coleman,Mark E. Kubiske,Kurt S. Pregitzer,J. G. Isebrands +11 more
Reads0
Chats0
TLDR
In this article, a series of trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx) clones differing in O3 sensitivity have been identified from OTC studies and the responses of these same clones exposed to O3 under field conditions along a natural O3 gradient and in a Free-Air CO2 and O3 Enrichment (FACE) facility.Abstract:
Over the years, a series of trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) clones differing in O3 sensitivity have been identified from OTC studies. Three clones (216 and 271[(O3 tolerant] and 259 [O3 sensitive]) have been characterized for O3 sensitivity by growth and biomass responses, foliar symptoms, gas exchange, chlorophyll content, epicuticular wax characteristics, and antioxidant production. In this study we compared the responses of these same clones exposed to O3 under field conditions along a natural O3 gradient and in a Free-Air CO2 and O3 Enrichment (FACE) facility. In addition, we examined how elevated CO2 affected O3 symptom development. Visible O3 symptoms were consistently seen (5 out of 6 years) at two of the three sites along the O3 gradient and where daily one-hour maximum concentrations were in the range of 96 to 125 ppb. Clonal differences in O3 sensitivity were consistent with our OTC rankings Elevated CO2 (200 ppm over ambient and applied during daylight hours during the growing season) reduced visible foliar symptoms for all three clones from 31 to 96% as determined by symptom development in elevated O3 versus elevated O3 + CO2 treatments. Degradation of the epicuticular wax surface of all three clones was found at the two elevated O3 gradient sites. This degradation was quantified by a coefficient of occlusion which was a measure of stomatal occlusion by epicuticular waxes. Statistically significant increases in stomatal occlusion compared to controls were found for all three clones and for all treatments including elevated CO2, elevated O3, and elevated CO2 + O3. Our results provide additional evidence that current ambient O3 levels in the Great Lakes region are causing adverse effects on trembling aspen. Whether or not elevated CO2 in the future will alleviate some of these adverse effects, as occurred with visible symptoms but not with epicuticular wax degradation, is unknown.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide: plants FACE the future
TL;DR: Although trends agree with parallel summaries of enclosure studies, important quantitative differences emerge that have important implications both for predicting the future terrestrial biosphere and understanding how crops may need to be adapted to the changed and changing atmosphere.
Journal ArticleDOI
Forest response to elevated CO2 is conserved across a broad range of productivity.
Richard J. Norby,Evan H. DeLucia,Birgit Gielen,Carlo Calfapietra,Christian P. Giardina,John S. King,Joanne Ledford,Heather R. McCarthy,David J. P. Moore,Reinhart Ceulemans,Paolo De Angelis,Adrien C. Finzi,David F. Karnosky,Mark E. Kubiske,Martin Lukac,Kurt S. Pregitzer,Giuseppe Scarascia-Mugnozza,William H. Schlesinger,Ram Oren +18 more
TL;DR: The surprising consistency of response across diverse sites provides a benchmark to evaluate predictions of ecosystem and global models and allows us to focus on unresolved questions about carbon partitioning and retention, and spatial variation in NPP response caused by availability of other growth limiting resources.
Journal ArticleDOI
Increases in nitrogen uptake rather than nitrogen-use efficiency support higher rates of temperate forest productivity under elevated CO2
Adrien C. Finzi,Richard J. Norby,Carlo Calfapietra,Anne Gallet-Budynek,Birgit Gielen,William E. Holmes,Marcel R. Hoosbeek,Colleen M. Iversen,Robert B. Jackson,Mark E. Kubiske,Joanne Ledford,Marion Liberloo,Ram Oren,Andrea Polle,Seth G. Pritchard,Donald R. Zak,William H. Schlesinger,Reinhart Ceulemans +17 more
TL;DR: Experimental evidence demonstrates that the uptake of N increased under elevated CO2 at the Rhinelander, Duke, and Oak Ridge National Laboratory FACE sites, yet fertilization studies showed that tree growth and forest NPP were strongly limited by N availability.
Journal ArticleDOI
Tropospheric O3 moderates responses of temperate hardwood forests to elevated CO2: a synthesis of molecular to ecosystem results from the Aspen FACE project
David F. Karnosky,Donald R. Zak,Kurt S. Pregitzer,Kurt S. Pregitzer,Caroline S. Awmack,James G. Bockheim,Richard E. Dickson,George R. Hendrey,George E Host,John S. King,Brian J. Kopper,Eric L. Kruger,Mark E. Kubiske,Richard L. Lindroth,William J. Mattson,Evan P. McDonald,Asko Noormets,Elina Oksanen,William F. J. Parsons,Kevin E. Percy,Gopi K. Podila,Don E. Riemenschneider,P. Sharma,Ramesh Thakur,Anu Sõber,Jaak Sober,Wendy S. Jones,S. Anttonen,Elina Vapaavuori,B. Mankovska,Warren E. Heilman,J. G. Isebrands +31 more
TL;DR: O 3 at 1·5 × ambient completely offset the growth enhancement by CO 2 , both for O 3 -sensitive and O 2 -tolerant clones and across various trophic levels, and implications for carbon sequestration, plantations to reduce excess CO 2, and global models of forest productivity and climate change are presented.
Journal ArticleDOI
Global food insecurity. Treatment of major food crops with elevated carbon dioxide or ozone under large-scale fully open-air conditions suggests recent models may have overestimated future yields
Stephen P. Long,Elizabeth A. Ainsworth,Elizabeth A. Ainsworth,Andrew D. B. Leakey,Patrick B. Morgan +4 more
TL;DR: Findings suggest that current projections of global food security are overoptimistic, as the fertilization effect of CO2 is less than that used in many models, while rising ozone will cause large yield losses in the Northern Hemisphere.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Interannual extremes in the rate of rise of atmospheric carbon dioxide since 1980
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the changes expected from the variations in the rates of industrial CO2 emissions over this time, and also from influences of climate such as El Nino events.
Journal ArticleDOI
Tansley Review No. 71 Effects of elevated atmospheric CO2on woody plants
TL;DR: In this paper, the major methods and techniques used to examine the likely effects of elevated CO2 on woody plants, as well as the major physiological responses of trees to elevated CO 2 are described.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Plastochron Index as Applied to Developmental Studies of Cottonwood
Philip R. Larson,J. G. Isebrands +1 more
TL;DR: These models were used to demonstrate that the PI and LPI can serve two useful purposes when applied to developmental studies of woody plants: (1) to adjust plants of different developmental stages to a standardized morphological time ...
Journal ArticleDOI
Ambient ozone effects on forest trees of the eastern United States: a review.
TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that ozone can affect crop yield and has been reported to cause reductions in growth and biomass of forest tree species in laboratory and glasshouse studies, however, linkages between growth and ambient ozone concentrations in the field are not well established for forest trees.
Journal ArticleDOI
Changes in growth, leaf abscission, and biomass associated with seasonal tropospheric ozone exposures of Populus tremuloides clones and seedlings
TL;DR: The effects of single-season tropospheric ozone (O3) exposures on growth, leaf abscission, and biomass of trembling aspen rooted cuttings and seedlings were studied and significant genetic variation in O3 responses occurred.
Related Papers (5)
A free‐air enrichment system for exposing tall forest vegetation to elevated atmospheric CO2
Tropospheric O3 moderates responses of temperate hardwood forests to elevated CO2: a synthesis of molecular to ecosystem results from the Aspen FACE project
David F. Karnosky,Donald R. Zak,Kurt S. Pregitzer,Kurt S. Pregitzer,Caroline S. Awmack,James G. Bockheim,Richard E. Dickson,George R. Hendrey,George E Host,John S. King,Brian J. Kopper,Eric L. Kruger,Mark E. Kubiske,Richard L. Lindroth,William J. Mattson,Evan P. McDonald,Asko Noormets,Elina Oksanen,William F. J. Parsons,Kevin E. Percy,Gopi K. Podila,Don E. Riemenschneider,P. Sharma,Ramesh Thakur,Anu Sõber,Jaak Sober,Wendy S. Jones,S. Anttonen,Elina Vapaavuori,B. Mankovska,Warren E. Heilman,J. G. Isebrands +31 more