Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Antimicrobial Treatment of Acute Bacterial Meningitis
TLDR
The changing epidemiology of bacterial meningitis in the United States and throughout the world is described by reviewing the global changes in etiological agents followed by specific microorganism data on the impact of the development and widespread use of conjugate vaccines.Abstract:
Summary: The epidemiology of bacterial meningitis has changed as a result of the widespread use of conjugate vaccines and preventive antimicrobial treatment of pregnant women. Given the significant morbidity and mortality associated with bacterial meningitis, accurate information is necessary regarding the important etiological agents and populations at risk to ascertain public health measures and ensure appropriate management. In this review, we describe the changing epidemiology of bacterial meningitis in the United States and throughout the world by reviewing the global changes in etiological agents followed by specific microorganism data on the impact of the development and widespread use of conjugate vaccines. We provide recommendations for empirical antimicrobial and adjunctive treatments for clinical subgroups and review available laboratory methods in making the etiological diagnosis of bacterial meningitis. Finally, we summarize risk factors, clinical features, and microbiological diagnostics for the specific bacteria causing this disease.read more
Citations
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Corticosteroids for acute bacterial meningitis
TL;DR: Corticosteroids significantly reduced hearing loss and neurological sequelae, but did not reduce overall mortality, and data support the use of corticosteroid in patients with bacterial meningitis.
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ESCMID guideline: diagnosis and treatment of acute bacterial meningitis.
D. van de Beek,C Cabellos,Olga Dzupova,Susanna Esposito,Matthias Klein,Anne T. Kloek,Stephen L. Leib,Bruno Mourvillier,Christian Østergaard,Pasquale Pagliano,Hans-Walter Pfister,Robert C. Read,O Resat Sipahi,Mieke C. Brouwer +13 more
TL;DR: The ESCMID Study Group for Infections of the Brain (ESGIB) is a large-scale, randomized, placebo-controlled study that aims to provide real-time information on the safe and effective use of antibiotics in the treatment of central nervous system disorders.
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Multicenter Evaluation of BioFire FilmArray Meningitis/Encephalitis Panel for Detection of Bacteria, Viruses, and Yeast in Cerebrospinal Fluid Specimens
Amy Leber,Kathy Everhart,Joan-Miquel Balada-Llasat,Jillian Cullison,Judy A. Daly,Sarah Holt,Paul R. Lephart,Hossein Salimnia,Paul C. Schreckenberger,Sharon DesJarlais,Sharon L. Reed,Kimberle C. Chapin,Lindsay LeBlanc,J. Kristie Johnson,Nicole L. Soliven,Karen C. Carroll,Jo Anne Miller,Jennifer Dien Bard,Javier Mestas,Matthew J. Bankowski,Matthew J. Bankowski,Tori Enomoto,Andrew C. Hemmert,Kevin M. Bourzac +23 more
TL;DR: The FilmArray Meningitis/Encephalitis (ME) Panel is a sensitive and specific test to aid in diagnosis of ME and improved patient outcomes and antimicrobial stewardship are anticipated.
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Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology of Pneumococcal Meningitis
TL;DR: The most recent views on the pathophysiology of pneumococcal meningitis are discussed, as well as potential targets for (adjunctive) therapy.
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Secondary Bacterial Infections Associated with Influenza Pandemics.
TL;DR: With increased antibiotic resistance and vaccine evasion it is important to monitor the epidemiology of pathogens in circulation to inform clinical treatment and development, particularly in the setting of an influenza epidemic/pandemic.
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