Journal ArticleDOI
EPSPS gene amplification in glyphosate-resistant Italian ryegrass (Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorum) from Arkansas
Reiofeli A Salas,Franck E. Dayan,Zhiqiang Pan,Susan B. Watson,James W. Dickson,Robert C. Scott,Nilda R. Burgos +6 more
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TLDR
This is the first report of EPSPS gene amplification in glyphosate-resistant Italian ryegrass, and it is believed that other resistance mechanism(s) may also be involved.Abstract:
BACKGROUND: Resistance to glyphosate in weed species is a major challenge for the sustainability of glyphosate use in crop and non-crop systems. A glyphosate-resistant Italian ryegrass population has been identified in Arkansas. This research was conducted to elucidate its resistance mechanism.
RESULTS: The investigation was conducted on resistant and susceptible plants from a population in Desha County, Arkansas (Des03). The amounts of glyphosate that caused 50% overall visual injury were 7 to 13 times greater than those for susceptible plants from the same population. The EPSPS gene did not contain any point mutation that has previously been associated with resistance to glyphosate, nor were there any other mutations on the EPSPS gene unique to the Des03 resistant plants. The resistant plants had 6-fold higher basal EPSPS enzyme activities than the susceptible plants, but their I50 values in response to glyphosate were similar. The resistant plants contained up to 25 more copies of EPSPS gene than the susceptible plants. The level of resistance to glyphosate correlated with increases in EPSPS enzyme activity and EPSPS copy number.
CONCLUSION: Increased EPSPS gene amplification and EPSPS enzyme activity confer resistance to glyphosate in the Des03 population. This is the first report of EPSPS gene amplification in glyphosate-resistant Italian ryegrass. Other resistance mechanism(s) may also be involved. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industryread more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Deciphering the evolution of herbicide resistance in weeds
TL;DR: Recent advances in understanding the genetic bases and evolutionary drivers of herbicide resistance that highlight the complex nature of selection for this adaptive trait are reviewed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Glyphosate resistance: state of knowledge.
Robert D. Sammons,Todd A. Gaines +1 more
TL;DR: A model based on finite glyphosate dose and limiting time required for chloroplast loading sets the stage for understanding how uniquely different mechanisms can contribute to overall glyphosate resistance.
Journal ArticleDOI
Overview of glyphosate-resistant weeds worldwide.
Ian Heap,Stephen O. Duke +1 more
TL;DR: Glyphosate-resistant weeds present the greatest threat to sustained weed control in major agronomic crops because this herbicide is used to control weeds with resistance to herbicides with other sites of action, and no new herbicide sites ofaction have been introduced for over 30 years.
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Key role for a glutathione transferase in multiple-herbicide resistance in grass weeds
Ian Cummins,David J. Wortley,Federico Sabbadin,Zhesi He,Christopher R. Coxon,Hannah E. Straker,Jonathan D. Sellars,Kathryn M. Knight,Lesley A. Edwards,David Hughes,Shiv S. Kaundun,Sarah-Jane Hutchings,Patrick G. Steel,Robert Edwards,Robert Edwards +14 more
TL;DR: A central role for specific GSTFs in MHR in weeds that has parallels with similar roles for unrelated GSTs in MDR in humans and shows their potential as targets for chemical intervention in resistant weed management is demonstrated.
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Mechanisms of evolved herbicide resistance
Todd A. Gaines,Stephen O. Duke,Sarah Morran,Carlos A. G. Rigon,Patrick J. Tranel,Anita Küpper,Franck E. Dayan +6 more
TL;DR: The vast array of herbicide-resistance mechanisms for generalist (NTSR) and specialist (TSR and some NTSR) adaptations that have evolved over a few decades illustrate the evolutionary resilience of weed populations to extreme selection pressures.
References
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Glyphosate: a once-in-a-century herbicide.
TL;DR: The use of this virtually ideal herbicide is now being threatened by the evolution of glyphosate-resistant weeds, and adoption of resistance management practices will be required to maintain the benefits of glyphosate technologies for future generations.
Journal ArticleDOI
The herbicide glyphosate is a potent inhibitor of 5-enolpyruvylshikimic acid 3-phosphate synthase
TL;DR: The broadspectrum herbicide glyphosate inhibits the enzymatic conversion of shikimic acid to anthranilic acid in a cell-free extract of Aerobacter, aerogenes 50% at 5 to 7 μM concentrations.
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Journal ArticleDOI
Divergent Transcription from Active Promoters
Amy C. Seila,J. Mauro Calabrese,Stuart S. Levine,Gene W. Yeo,Peter B. Rahl,Ryan A. Flynn,Richard A. Young,Phillip A. Sharp +7 more
TL;DR: Evidence of widespread divergent transcription at protein-encoding gene promoters is presented and it is suggested that Divergent transcription over short distances is common for active promoters and may help promoter regions maintain a state poised for subsequent regulation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Gene amplification confers glyphosate resistance in Amaranthus palmeri
Todd A. Gaines,Wenli Zhang,Dafu Wang,Bekir Bukun,Stephen T. Chisholm,Dale L. Shaner,Scott J. Nissen,William L. Patzoldt,Patrick J. Tranel,A. Stanley Culpepper,Timothy L. Grey,Theodore M. Webster,William K. Vencill,R. Douglas Sammons,Jiming Jiang,Christopher Preston,Jan E. Leach,Philip Westra +17 more
TL;DR: This work investigated recently discovered glyphosate-resistant Amaranthus palmeri populations from Georgia, in comparison with normally sensitive populations, and revealed that EPSPS genes were present on every chromosome and, therefore, gene amplification was likely not caused by unequal chromosome crossing over.
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Todd A. Gaines,Wenli Zhang,Dafu Wang,Bekir Bukun,Stephen T. Chisholm,Dale L. Shaner,Scott J. Nissen,William L. Patzoldt,Patrick J. Tranel,A. Stanley Culpepper,Timothy L. Grey,Theodore M. Webster,William K. Vencill,R. Douglas Sammons,Jiming Jiang,Christopher Preston,Jan E. Leach,Philip Westra +17 more