Journal ArticleDOI
Evaluation of Injury and Fatality Risk in Rock and Ice Climbing
TLDR
To improve preventative injury measures for climbing sports, it is recommended that a standardized, robust and comprehensive sport-specific scoring model should be developed to report and fully evaluate the injury risk, severity of injuries and fatality risk in climbing sports.Abstract:
Rock and ice climbing are widely considered to be ‘high-risk’ sporting activities that are associated with a high incidence of severe injury and even death, compared with more mainstream sports. However, objective scientific data to support this perception are questionable. Accordingly, >400 sport-specific injury studies were analysed and compared by quantifying the injury incidence and objectively grading the injury severity (using the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics score) per 1000 hours of sporting participation. Fatalities were also analysed. The analysis revealed that fatalities occurred in all sports, but it was not always clear whether the sport itself or pre-existing health conditions contributed or caused the deaths. Bouldering (ropeless climbing to low heights), sport climbing (mostly bolt protected lead climbing with little objective danger) and indoor climbing (climbing indoors on artificial rock structures), showed a small injury rate, minor injury severity and few fatalities. As more objective/external dangers exist for alpine and ice climbing, the injury rate, injury severity and fatality were all higher. Overall, climbing sports had a lower injury incidence and severity score than many popular sports, including basketball, sailing or soccer; indoor climbing ranked the lowest in terms of injuries of all sports assessed. Nevertheless, a fatality risk remains, especially in alpine and ice climbing. In the absence of a standard definition for a ‘high-risk’ sport, categorizing climbing as a high-risk sport was found to be either subjective or dependent on the definition used. In conclusion, this analysis showed that retrospective data on sport-specific injuries and fatalities are not reported in a standardized manner. To improve preventative injury measures for climbing sports, it is recommended that a standardized, robust and comprehensive sport-specific scoring model should be developed to report and fully evaluate the injury risk, severity of injuries and fatality risk in climbing sports.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Sudden Cardiac Death in the Athlete Bridging the Gaps Between Evidence, Policy, and Practice
Mark S. Link,N.A. Mark Estes +1 more
TL;DR: There are many limitations to the available evidence supporting the notion that athletic restriction improves outcomes, and the effectiveness of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and automated external defibrillator programs, evident in casinos and airports, has not necessarily been shown in athletes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Injury Trends in Rock Climbers: Evaluation of a Case Series of 911 Injuries Between 2009 and 2012
TL;DR: The demographics of climbing-related injuries were evaluated to improve the comprehension of current injury characteristics, and male climbers were significantly older, had more climbing years, and were climbing at a higher climbing level.
Journal ArticleDOI
Climbing-specific finger flexor performance and forearm muscle oxygenation in elite male and female sport climbers
TL;DR: The superior intermittent finger Flexor endurance of climbers over non-climbers may be explained by the faster re-oxygenation of the finger flexor muscles during the short rest phases.
Journal ArticleDOI
The UIAA Medical Commission injury classification for mountaineering and climbing sports.
TL;DR: The medical commission of the UIAA recommends the use of the described criteria and scores for future research in mountaineering and climbing sports in order to enable robust and comprehensive interstudy comparisons and epidemiological analysis.
Book ChapterDOI
The Epidemiology of Injury in Mountaineering, Rock and Ice Climbing
TL;DR: Overall, alpine (traditional) climbing has a higher injury risk than sport climbing, especially indoor climbing, and Alpine and ice climbing have more objective dangers which can affect climber safety.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
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Journal ArticleDOI
Sports Injuries in Team Handball A One-Year Prospective Study of Sixteen Men’s Senior Teams of a Superior Nonprofessional Level
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