Journal ArticleDOI
Facultative Symbionts in Aphids and the Horizontal Transfer of Ecologically Important Traits
TLDR
Experiments on pea aphids have demonstrated that facultative symbionts protect against entomopathogenic fungi and parasitoid wasps, ameliorate the detrimental effects of heat, and influence host plant suitability.Abstract:
Aphids engage in symbiotic associations with a diverse assemblage of heritable bacteria. In addition to their obligate nutrient-provisioning symbiont, Buchnera aphidicola, aphids may also carry one or more facultative symbionts. Unlike obligate symbionts, facultative symbionts are not generally required for survival or reproduction and can invade novel hosts, based on both phylogenetic analyses and transfection experiments. Facultative symbionts are mutualistic in the context of various ecological interactions. Experiments on pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum) have demonstrated that facultative symbionts protect against entomopathogenic fungi and parasitoid wasps, ameliorate the detrimental effects of heat, and influence host plant suitability. The protective symbiont, Hamiltonella defensa, has a dynamic genome, exhibiting evidence of recombination, phage-mediated gene uptake, and horizontal gene transfer and containing virulence and toxin-encoding genes. Although transmitted maternally with high fidelity, facultative symbionts occasionally move horizontally within and between species, resulting in the instantaneous acquisition of ecologically important traits, such as parasitoid defense.read more
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Floral presence and flower identity alter cereal aphid endosymbiont communities on adjacent crops
TL;DR: In this paper , a large-scale field trial was conducted to analyse the bacterial endosymbiont communities hosted by cereal aphids (Sitobion avenae) collected along transects into strip plots of barley plants managed by either conventional or integrated (including floral field margins and reduced inputs) methods.
Journal ArticleDOI
Construction of an Expressible BAC Library of the Unculturable Insect Microorganism, Stink Bug Plautia stali Symbiont, for the Search of Biologically Active and Useful Symbiont Products
TL;DR: BAC libraries can be used to generate gene product- and metabolite-libraries, facilitating to characterize potential metabolites of the P. stali symbiont.
Journal ArticleDOI
Influence of Bacterial Secondary Symbionts in Sitobion avenae on Its Survival Fitness against Entomopathogenic Fungi, Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium brunneum
Sajjad Ali,Asif Sajjad,Qaiser Shakeel,Muhammad Aslam Farooqi,Muhammad Anjum Aqueel,Kaleem Tariq,Muhammad Irfan Ullah,Aamir Iqbal,Aftab Jamal,Muhammad Saeed,Barbara Manachini +10 more
TL;DR: In this paper , the role of symbiotic bacteria in the protection of insects, especially aphids, against the entomopathogenic fungi and discuss potential implications of this symbiosis.
Posted ContentDOI
Horizontal transfer of microbial toxin genes to gall midge genomes
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used a phylogenetic signal statistic to test a transfer-by-proximity hypothesis for horizontal gene transfer between organisms in common environments, which showed that prokaryotic-to-insect HGT was more likely to occur between organisms.
Journal ArticleDOI
Secondary Symbionts Affect Foraging Capacities of Plant-Specialized Genotypes of the Pea Aphid
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of symbionts on the ability of the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum to explore habitat at long distance (estimated through the production of winged offspring) and select its host plant was investigated.
References
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Book
Parasitoids: Behavioral and Evolutionary Ecology
TL;DR: This book synthesizes the work of both schools of parasitoid biology and asks how a consideration of evolutionary biology can help to understand the behavior, ecology, and diversity of the approximately one to two million species of Parasitoids found on earth.
Journal ArticleDOI
Genomics and Evolution of Heritable Bacterial Symbionts
TL;DR: Insect heritable symbionts provide some of the extremes of cellular genomes, including the smallest and the fastest evolving, raising new questions about the limits of evolution of life.
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Evolution of sex determining mechanisms
TL;DR: Books, as a source that may involve the facts, opinion, literature, religion, and many others are the great friends to join with.
Journal ArticleDOI
Type III Secretion Machines: Bacterial Devices for Protein Delivery into Host Cells
Jorge E. Galán,Alan Collmer +1 more
TL;DR: Several Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria have evolved a complex protein secretion system termed type III to deliver bacterial effector proteins into host cells that then modulate host cellular functions.