Journal ArticleDOI
Facultative Symbionts in Aphids and the Horizontal Transfer of Ecologically Important Traits
TLDR
Experiments on pea aphids have demonstrated that facultative symbionts protect against entomopathogenic fungi and parasitoid wasps, ameliorate the detrimental effects of heat, and influence host plant suitability.Abstract:
Aphids engage in symbiotic associations with a diverse assemblage of heritable bacteria. In addition to their obligate nutrient-provisioning symbiont, Buchnera aphidicola, aphids may also carry one or more facultative symbionts. Unlike obligate symbionts, facultative symbionts are not generally required for survival or reproduction and can invade novel hosts, based on both phylogenetic analyses and transfection experiments. Facultative symbionts are mutualistic in the context of various ecological interactions. Experiments on pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum) have demonstrated that facultative symbionts protect against entomopathogenic fungi and parasitoid wasps, ameliorate the detrimental effects of heat, and influence host plant suitability. The protective symbiont, Hamiltonella defensa, has a dynamic genome, exhibiting evidence of recombination, phage-mediated gene uptake, and horizontal gene transfer and containing virulence and toxin-encoding genes. Although transmitted maternally with high fidelity, facultative symbionts occasionally move horizontally within and between species, resulting in the instantaneous acquisition of ecologically important traits, such as parasitoid defense.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Fungal and bacterial endosymbionts of eared leafhoppers of the subfamily Ledrinae (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae)
Takanori Nishino,Takanori Nishino,Masahiko Tanahashi,Chung Ping Lin,Ryuichi Koga,Takema Fukatsu,Takema Fukatsu,Takema Fukatsu +7 more
TL;DR: Molecular phylogenetic analysis revealed that the fungal symbionts are placed within the entomoparasitic fungal genus Ophiocordyceps, which uncovers an evolutionary process from a prokaryotic essential symbiosis to a eukaryotic one.
Journal ArticleDOI
Dynamics of a Recurrent Buchnera Mutation That Affects Thermal Tolerance of Pea Aphid Hosts
TL;DR: Frequency of the heat-sensitive Buchnera allele is negatively correlated with presence of facultative symbionts in both laboratory colonies and field populations, suggesting that these infections impose stress that is ameliorated by ibpA expression.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Novel, Extremely Elongated, and Endocellular Bacterial Symbiont Supports Cuticle Formation of a Grain Pest Beetle.
Bin Hirota,Genta Okude,Genta Okude,Hisashi Anbutsu,Ryo Futahashi,Minoru Moriyama,Xian-Ying Meng,Naruo Nikoh,Ryuichi Koga,Takema Fukatsu,Takema Fukatsu,Takema Fukatsu +11 more
TL;DR: Results indicate that the symbiont of O. surinamensis is not essential for the host's growth and reproduction but contributes to the host’s cuticle formation, which highlights an evolutionary consequence of intimate host-symbiont coevolution.
Journal ArticleDOI
Can social partnerships influence the microbiome? Insights from ant farmers and their trophobiont mutualists.
TL;DR: The results show the ants’ microbiome is possibly shaped by their social partnerships, with ants that farm the same trophobionts also sharing strains of sugar‐processing Acetobacteraceae bacteria, known from other honeydew‐feeding ants and which likely reside extracellularly in the ants' guts.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cascading extinctions as a hidden driver of insect decline
TL;DR: The decline in insect abundance and diversity observed in many ecosystems is of major concern because of the long‐term consequences for ecosystem function and stability.
References
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Book
Parasitoids: Behavioral and Evolutionary Ecology
TL;DR: This book synthesizes the work of both schools of parasitoid biology and asks how a consideration of evolutionary biology can help to understand the behavior, ecology, and diversity of the approximately one to two million species of Parasitoids found on earth.
Journal ArticleDOI
Genomics and Evolution of Heritable Bacterial Symbionts
TL;DR: Insect heritable symbionts provide some of the extremes of cellular genomes, including the smallest and the fastest evolving, raising new questions about the limits of evolution of life.
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Evolution of sex determining mechanisms
TL;DR: Books, as a source that may involve the facts, opinion, literature, religion, and many others are the great friends to join with.
Journal ArticleDOI
Type III Secretion Machines: Bacterial Devices for Protein Delivery into Host Cells
Jorge E. Galán,Alan Collmer +1 more
TL;DR: Several Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria have evolved a complex protein secretion system termed type III to deliver bacterial effector proteins into host cells that then modulate host cellular functions.