Journal ArticleDOI
Facultative Symbionts in Aphids and the Horizontal Transfer of Ecologically Important Traits
TLDR
Experiments on pea aphids have demonstrated that facultative symbionts protect against entomopathogenic fungi and parasitoid wasps, ameliorate the detrimental effects of heat, and influence host plant suitability.Abstract:
Aphids engage in symbiotic associations with a diverse assemblage of heritable bacteria. In addition to their obligate nutrient-provisioning symbiont, Buchnera aphidicola, aphids may also carry one or more facultative symbionts. Unlike obligate symbionts, facultative symbionts are not generally required for survival or reproduction and can invade novel hosts, based on both phylogenetic analyses and transfection experiments. Facultative symbionts are mutualistic in the context of various ecological interactions. Experiments on pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum) have demonstrated that facultative symbionts protect against entomopathogenic fungi and parasitoid wasps, ameliorate the detrimental effects of heat, and influence host plant suitability. The protective symbiont, Hamiltonella defensa, has a dynamic genome, exhibiting evidence of recombination, phage-mediated gene uptake, and horizontal gene transfer and containing virulence and toxin-encoding genes. Although transmitted maternally with high fidelity, facultative symbionts occasionally move horizontally within and between species, resulting in the instantaneous acquisition of ecologically important traits, such as parasitoid defense.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Bacterial Communities of Two Parthenogenetic Aphid Species Cocolonizing Two Host Plants across the Hawaiian Islands
TL;DR: It was revealed that heritable symbionts dominated the bacterial communities for both aphid species, and A. gossypii harbored a more diverse bacterial community than P. caladii.
PLANT-MICROBE-INSECT INTERACTIONS Evolutionary adaptation in three-way interactions between plants, microbes and arthropods
Arjen Biere,Ayco J. M. Tack +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors extend the concept of local adaptation from two-way interactions to scenarios for threeway interactions and show that consumers can locally adapt to specific host phenotypes that are induced by a third species with which they do not directly interact.
Journal ArticleDOI
The structured diversity of specialized gut symbionts of the New World army ants.
Piotr Łukasik,Justin A. Newton,Jon G. Sanders,Yi Hu,Corrie S. Moreau,Daniel J. C. Kronauer,Sean O'Donnell,Ryuichi Koga,Jacob A. Russell +8 more
TL;DR: A broad phylogenetic and geographic survey of microbial communities in the ecologically dominant New World army ants showed that the microbial communities of army ants consist of very few common and abundant bacterial species, suggesting that army ant symbioses date back to the Cretaceous.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effects of parasitism on aphid nutritional and protective symbioses.
TL;DR: It is shown that parasitism alters the within‐host ecology of both nutritional and protective symbioses with effects likely significant for all players in this antagonistic interaction.
Journal ArticleDOI
Transmission mode is associated with environment type and taxa across bacteria-eukaryote symbioses: a systematic review and meta-analysis
TL;DR: Data from the literature on bacteria-multicellular eukaryote associations for which transmission mode data was available was compiled, suggesting that many vertically transmitted bacteria are capable of mixed mode transmission and barriers exist that reduce the rate of horizontal transmission events.
References
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Book
Parasitoids: Behavioral and Evolutionary Ecology
TL;DR: This book synthesizes the work of both schools of parasitoid biology and asks how a consideration of evolutionary biology can help to understand the behavior, ecology, and diversity of the approximately one to two million species of Parasitoids found on earth.
Journal ArticleDOI
Genomics and Evolution of Heritable Bacterial Symbionts
TL;DR: Insect heritable symbionts provide some of the extremes of cellular genomes, including the smallest and the fastest evolving, raising new questions about the limits of evolution of life.
Book
Evolution of sex determining mechanisms
TL;DR: Books, as a source that may involve the facts, opinion, literature, religion, and many others are the great friends to join with.
Journal ArticleDOI
Type III Secretion Machines: Bacterial Devices for Protein Delivery into Host Cells
Jorge E. Galán,Alan Collmer +1 more
TL;DR: Several Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria have evolved a complex protein secretion system termed type III to deliver bacterial effector proteins into host cells that then modulate host cellular functions.