Journal ArticleDOI
Facultative Symbionts in Aphids and the Horizontal Transfer of Ecologically Important Traits
TLDR
Experiments on pea aphids have demonstrated that facultative symbionts protect against entomopathogenic fungi and parasitoid wasps, ameliorate the detrimental effects of heat, and influence host plant suitability.Abstract:
Aphids engage in symbiotic associations with a diverse assemblage of heritable bacteria. In addition to their obligate nutrient-provisioning symbiont, Buchnera aphidicola, aphids may also carry one or more facultative symbionts. Unlike obligate symbionts, facultative symbionts are not generally required for survival or reproduction and can invade novel hosts, based on both phylogenetic analyses and transfection experiments. Facultative symbionts are mutualistic in the context of various ecological interactions. Experiments on pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum) have demonstrated that facultative symbionts protect against entomopathogenic fungi and parasitoid wasps, ameliorate the detrimental effects of heat, and influence host plant suitability. The protective symbiont, Hamiltonella defensa, has a dynamic genome, exhibiting evidence of recombination, phage-mediated gene uptake, and horizontal gene transfer and containing virulence and toxin-encoding genes. Although transmitted maternally with high fidelity, facultative symbionts occasionally move horizontally within and between species, resulting in the instantaneous acquisition of ecologically important traits, such as parasitoid defense.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Insect behavioral restraint and adaptation strategies under heat stress: An inclusive review
Muhammad Adnan Bodlah,Javaid Iqbal,Aneela Ashiq,Imran Bodlah,Shoulin Jiang,Muhammad Ahmad Mudassir,Muhammad Tariq Rasheed,Amara Gul E Fareen +7 more
TL;DR: In this paper , a review of the physiological process which triggers responses toward heat stressed environments and engenders the heat tolerance capacities in ectothermic insects including the nervous system response to detect heat, metabolic mechanism in response to heat stress, silk shelters behavior during thermal changes, host plant preferences, microhabitat selection, thermoregulatory behavior and thermal acclimation response under the heat stress.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Known and Unknowns of Aphid Biotypes, and Their Role in Mediating Host Plant Defenses
TL;DR: A review of the use of the concept of biotype and how it has been used in the study of aphids can be found in this article , where the authors use the sugarcane aphid (Melanaphis sacchari) as a model to understand their differences, level of variation, evolution, and significance in pest management.
DissertationDOI
Regulação da microbiota intestinal de hospedeiros permissivo e não- permissivo por Cotesia flavipes (Cameron) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)
TL;DR: Evaluating the effect of parasitism by Cotesia flavipes (Cameron) in the structure and potential functional contribution of the gut microbiota of the permissive host Diatraea saccharalis and the non-permissive host Spodoptera frugiperda indicated that other factors / changes produced during normal parasitization can also be involved in the manipulation of host gut microbiota.
Dissertation
Potential use of the parasitoid, Praon unicum, in a mass rearing program; assessing the use of an alternative host.
TL;DR: Parasitoids that developed in the two aphid species showed no difference in body length and a variety of other body measurements, ruling out parasitoid size as the factor causing the difference in fecundity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Proteomic and Transcriptomic Analysis for Identification of Endosymbiotic Bacteria Associated with BYDV Transmission Efficiency by Sitobion miscanthi
TL;DR: In this paper , two geographic populations, differing in their BYDV transmission efficiency, were treated with antibiotics to investigate how changes in the composition of their endosymbiont population affected BYDVM transmission efficiency.
References
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Book
Parasitoids: Behavioral and Evolutionary Ecology
TL;DR: This book synthesizes the work of both schools of parasitoid biology and asks how a consideration of evolutionary biology can help to understand the behavior, ecology, and diversity of the approximately one to two million species of Parasitoids found on earth.
Journal ArticleDOI
Genomics and Evolution of Heritable Bacterial Symbionts
TL;DR: Insect heritable symbionts provide some of the extremes of cellular genomes, including the smallest and the fastest evolving, raising new questions about the limits of evolution of life.
Book
Evolution of sex determining mechanisms
TL;DR: Books, as a source that may involve the facts, opinion, literature, religion, and many others are the great friends to join with.
Journal ArticleDOI
Type III Secretion Machines: Bacterial Devices for Protein Delivery into Host Cells
Jorge E. Galán,Alan Collmer +1 more
TL;DR: Several Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria have evolved a complex protein secretion system termed type III to deliver bacterial effector proteins into host cells that then modulate host cellular functions.