Journal ArticleDOI
Facultative Symbionts in Aphids and the Horizontal Transfer of Ecologically Important Traits
TLDR
Experiments on pea aphids have demonstrated that facultative symbionts protect against entomopathogenic fungi and parasitoid wasps, ameliorate the detrimental effects of heat, and influence host plant suitability.Abstract:
Aphids engage in symbiotic associations with a diverse assemblage of heritable bacteria. In addition to their obligate nutrient-provisioning symbiont, Buchnera aphidicola, aphids may also carry one or more facultative symbionts. Unlike obligate symbionts, facultative symbionts are not generally required for survival or reproduction and can invade novel hosts, based on both phylogenetic analyses and transfection experiments. Facultative symbionts are mutualistic in the context of various ecological interactions. Experiments on pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum) have demonstrated that facultative symbionts protect against entomopathogenic fungi and parasitoid wasps, ameliorate the detrimental effects of heat, and influence host plant suitability. The protective symbiont, Hamiltonella defensa, has a dynamic genome, exhibiting evidence of recombination, phage-mediated gene uptake, and horizontal gene transfer and containing virulence and toxin-encoding genes. Although transmitted maternally with high fidelity, facultative symbionts occasionally move horizontally within and between species, resulting in the instantaneous acquisition of ecologically important traits, such as parasitoid defense.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Infection prevalence of Sodalis symbionts among stinkbugs
Takahiro Hosokawa,Takahiro Hosokawa,Nahomi Kaiwa,Nahomi Kaiwa,Yu Matsuura,Yu Matsuura,Yoshitomo Kikuchi,Takema Fukatsu,Takema Fukatsu,Takema Fukatsu +9 more
TL;DR: The relatively low infection frequency and the overall host-symbiont phylogenetic incongruence suggest that the Sodalis symbionts are, in general, facultative symbiotic associates in the majority of the stinkbug groups.
Journal ArticleDOI
Culture-Facilitated Comparative Genomics of the Facultative Symbiont Hamiltonella defensa
TL;DR: Results indicated that strains shared most genes with roles in nutrient acquisition, metabolism, and essential housekeeping functions, and single molecule real-time sequencing identified differences in DNA methylation patterns and restriction modification systems that provide defense against phage infection.
Journal ArticleDOI
Novel molecular approach to define pest species status and tritrophic interactions from historical Bemisia specimens.
Wee Tek Tay,Samia Elfekih,Andrew Polaszek,Leon N. Court,Gregory A. Evans,Khj Gordon,P. J. De Barro +6 more
TL;DR: This approach enables the characterisation of genomes and associated metagenomic communities of museum specimens using 1.5 ng gDNA, and to infer historical tritrophic relationships in Bemisia whiteflies.
Book ChapterDOI
Importance of Microorganisms to Macroorganisms Invasions: Is the Essential Invisible to the Eye? (The Little Prince, A. de Saint-Exupéry, 1943)
Laurent Amsellem,C. Brouat,Olivier Duron,Stephanie S. Porter,Andreas Vilcinskas,Andreas Vilcinskas,Benoit Facon,Benoit Facon +7 more
TL;DR: This chapter considers outcomes of microorganism loss during the introduction of alien species, and envisages how microorganisms can be used to better decipher invasion processes and as biological control agents.
Journal ArticleDOI
Horizontal Transfer of Bacterial Cytolethal Distending Toxin B Genes to Insects.
Kirsten I. Verster,Jennifer H. Wisecaver,Marianthi Karageorgi,Rebecca P. Duncan,Andrew D. Gloss,Ellie E. Armstrong,Donald K. Price,Aruna R Menon,Zainab M Ali,Noah K. Whiteman +9 more
TL;DR: It is shown that cytolethal distending toxin B has been domesticated by diverse insects and hypothesize that it functions in defense against their natural enemies.
References
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Book
Parasitoids: Behavioral and Evolutionary Ecology
TL;DR: This book synthesizes the work of both schools of parasitoid biology and asks how a consideration of evolutionary biology can help to understand the behavior, ecology, and diversity of the approximately one to two million species of Parasitoids found on earth.
Journal ArticleDOI
Genomics and Evolution of Heritable Bacterial Symbionts
TL;DR: Insect heritable symbionts provide some of the extremes of cellular genomes, including the smallest and the fastest evolving, raising new questions about the limits of evolution of life.
Book
Evolution of sex determining mechanisms
TL;DR: Books, as a source that may involve the facts, opinion, literature, religion, and many others are the great friends to join with.
Journal ArticleDOI
Type III Secretion Machines: Bacterial Devices for Protein Delivery into Host Cells
Jorge E. Galán,Alan Collmer +1 more
TL;DR: Several Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria have evolved a complex protein secretion system termed type III to deliver bacterial effector proteins into host cells that then modulate host cellular functions.