Journal ArticleDOI
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: Embryogenesis in a Mouse Model
TLDR
When two small doses of ethanol were administered to pregnant mice during the gastrulation stage of embryogenesis, the embryos developed craniofacial malformations closely resembling those seen in the human fetal alcohol syndrome.Abstract:
When two small doses of ethanol were administered to pregnant mice during the gastrulation stage of embryogenesis, the embryos developed craniofacial malformations closely resembling those seen in the human fetal alcohol syndrome. Striking histological changes appeared in the developing brain (neuroectoderm) within 24 hours of exposure. Decreased development of the neural plate and its derivatives apparently accounts for the craniofacial malformations. The critical exposure period is equivalent to the third week in human pregnancy.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Ethanol-induced apoptotic neurodegeneration and fetal alcohol syndrome.
Chrysanthy Ikonomidou,Petra Bittigau,Masahiko Ishimaru,David F. Wozniak,Christian Koch,Kerstin Genz,Madelon T. Price,Vanya Stefovska,Friederike Hörster,Tanya Tenkova,Krikor Dikranian,John W. Olney +11 more
TL;DR: It is reported that ethanol, acting by a dual mechanism [blockade of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptors and excessive activation of GABA(A) receptors], triggers widespread apoptotic neurodegeneration in the developing rat forebrain.
Journal ArticleDOI
Retinoids in Embryonal Development
Sharon A. Ross,Sharon A. Ross,Sharon A. Ross,Peter McCaffery,Peter McCaffery,Peter McCaffery,Ursula C. Dräger,Ursula C. Dräger,Ursula C. Dräger,Luigi M. De Luca,Luigi M. De Luca,Luigi M. De Luca +11 more
TL;DR: The key role of vitamin A in embryonal development is reviewed and special emphasis is given to the physiological action of retinoids, as evident from the retinoid ligand knockout models.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mouse Otx2 functions in the formation and patterning of rostral head.
TL;DR: The homo- and heterozygous mutant phenotypes suggest Otx2 functions as a gap-like gene in the rostral head where Hox code is not present, suggesting its evolutionary significance for the innovation of the neurocranium and the jaw.
Journal ArticleDOI
Drugs in Pregnancy
TL;DR: For example, this article found that most drugs that appear in the Physicians' Desk Reference and similar sources contain statements such as, “Use in pregnancy is not recommended unless the potential benefits justify the potential risks to the fetus.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effects of Moderate Alcohol Consumption on the Central Nervous System
Michael J. Eckardt,Sandra E. File,Gian Luigi Gessa,Kathleen A. Grant,Consuelo Guerri,Paula L. Hoffman,Harold Kalant,George F. Koob,Ting-Kai Li,Boris Tabakoff +9 more
TL;DR: The cognitive effects of acute and chronic moderate intake of ethanol is reviewed, and although a number of studies have noted a measurable diminution in neuropsychologic parameters in habitual consumers of moderate amounts of ethanol, others have not found such changes.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Recognition of the fetal alcohol syndrome in early infancy
KennethL. Jones,David W. Smith +1 more
TL;DR: The first necropsy performed on a patient with fetal alcohol syndrome disclosed serious dysmorphogenesis of the brain, which may be responsible for some of the functional abnormalities and the joint malposition seen in this syndrome.
Journal ArticleDOI
Teratogenic effects of alcohol in humans and laboratory animals.
TL;DR: In humans exposed to alcohol during gestation the effects can range from fetal alcohol syndrome in some offspring of chronic alcoholic women to reduced average birth weight in offspring of women reporting an average consumption of two to three drinks or more per day.
Journal ArticleDOI
The effects of moderate alcohol consumption during pregnancy on fetal growth and morphogenesis
TL;DR: The results indicate that both moderate and high levels of alcohol intake during early pregnancy may result in alterations of growth and morphogenesis in the fetus.