Fractionating the Default Mode Network: Distinct Contributions of the Ventral and Dorsal Posterior Cingulate Cortex to Cognitive Control
TLDR
Results provide evidence that the posterior cingulate cortex is involved in supporting internally directed thought, as the region is more highly integrated with the DMN at low task demands.Abstract:
The posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) is a central part of the default mode network (DMN) and part of the structural core of the brain. Although the PCC often shows consistent deactivation when attention is focused on external events, anatomical studies show that the region is not homogeneous, and electrophysiological recordings in nonhuman primates suggest that it is directly involved in some forms of attention. We report a functional magnetic resonance imaging study of an attentionally demanding task (either a zero- or two-back working memory task). Standard subtraction analysis within the PCC shows a relative deactivation as task difficulty increases. In contrast, a dual-regression functional connectivity analysis reveals a clear dissociation between ventral and dorsal parts of the PCC. As task difficulty increases, the ventral PCC shows reduced integration within the DMN and less anticorrelation with the cognitive control network (CCN) activated by the task. The dorsal PCC shows an opposite pattern, with increased DMN integration and more anticorrelation. At rest, the dorsal PCC also shows functional connectivity with both the DMN and attentional networks. As expected, these results provide evidence that the PCC is involved in supporting internally directed thought, as the region is more highly integrated with the DMN at low task demands. In contrast, the task-dependent increases in connectivity between the dorsal PCC and the CCN are consistent with a role for this region in modulating the dynamic interaction between these two networks controlling the efficient allocation of attention.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
The role of the posterior cingulate cortex in cognition and disease.
Robert Leech,David J. Sharp +1 more
TL;DR: A novel model of the posterior cingulate cortex's function is synthesized into a model that influences attentional focus by 'tuning' whole-brain metastability and so adjusts how stable brain network activity is over time, and is tested within the framework of complex dynamic systems theory.
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The default network and self-generated thought: component processes, dynamic control, and clinical relevance
TL;DR: Evidence is presented that self‐generated thought is a multifaceted construct whose component processes are supported by different subsystems within the network, and clinical implications of disruptions to the integrity of the network are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
The role of default network deactivation in cognition and disease.
Alan Anticevic,Michael W. Cole,John D. Murray,Philip R. Corlett,Xiao Jing Wang,Xiao Jing Wang,John H. Krystal +6 more
TL;DR: This research highlights the functional relevance of DMN suppression for goal-directed cognition, possibly by reducing goal-irrelevant functions supported by the DMN (e.g., mind-wandering), and illustrates the functional significance ofDMN suppression deficits in severe mental illness.
Journal ArticleDOI
Temporally-independent functional modes of spontaneous brain activity
Stephen M. Smith,Karla L. Miller,Steen Moeller,Junqian Xu,Edward J. Auerbach,Mark W. Woolrich,Christian F. Beckmann,Mark Jenkinson,Jesper L. R. Andersson,Matthew F. Glasser,David C. Van Essen,David A. Feinberg,Essa Yacoub,Kamil Ugurbil +13 more
TL;DR: This work identifies multiple “temporal functional modes,” including several that subdivide the default-mode network into several functionally distinct, spatially overlapping, networks, each with its own pattern of correlations and anticorrelations.
Journal ArticleDOI
Precuneus is a functional core of the default-mode network.
TL;DR: The results indicate that the precuneus plays a core role not only in DMN, but also more broadly through its engagement under a variety of processing states, suggesting a heightened specialization for resting-state cognition.
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