Fruit and vegetables and cancer risk
TLDR
Advice in relation to diet and cancer should include the recommendation to consume adequate amounts of fruit and vegetables, but should put most emphasis on the well-established adverse effects of obesity and high alcohol intakes.Abstract:
The possibility that fruit and vegetables may help to reduce the risk of cancer has been studied for over 30 years, but no protective effects have been firmly established. For cancers of the upper gastrointestinal tract, epidemiological studies have generally observed that people with a relatively high intake of fruit and vegetables have a moderately reduced risk, but these observations must be interpreted cautiously because of potential confounding by smoking and alcohol. For lung cancer, recent large prospective analyses with detailed adjustment for smoking have not shown a convincing association between fruit and vegetable intake and reduced risk. For other common cancers, including colorectal, breast and prostate cancer, epidemiological studies suggest little or no association between total fruit and vegetable consumption and risk. It is still possible that there are benefits to be identified: there could be benefits in populations with low average intakes of fruit and vegetables, such that those eating moderate amounts have a lower cancer risk than those eating very low amounts, and there could also be effects of particular nutrients in certain fruits and vegetables, as fruit and vegetables have very varied composition. Nutritional principles indicate that healthy diets should include at least moderate amounts of fruit and vegetables, but the available data suggest that general increases in fruit and vegetable intake would not have much effect on cancer rates, at least in well-nourished populations. Current advice in relation to diet and cancer should include the recommendation to consume adequate amounts of fruit and vegetables, but should put most emphasis on the well-established adverse effects of obesity and high alcohol intakes.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Critical review: vegetables and fruit in the prevention of chronic diseases
Heiner Boeing,Angela Bechthold,Achim Bub,Sabine Ellinger,Dirk Haller,Anja Kroke,Eva Leschik-Bonnet,Manfred J. Müller,H Oberritter,Matthias B. Schulze,Peter Stehle,Bernhard Watzl +11 more
TL;DR: This critical review on the associations between the intake of vegetables and fruit and the risk of several chronic diseases shows that a high daily intake of these foods promotes health.
Journal ArticleDOI
Fruit and vegetable intake and the risk of cardiovascular disease, total cancer and all-cause mortality-a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies.
Dagfinn Aune,Dagfinn Aune,Edward Giovannucci,Edward Giovannucci,Paolo Boffetta,Lars Thore Fadnes,NaNa Keum,Teresa Norat,Darren C. Greenwood,Elio Riboli,Lars J. Vatten,Serena Tonstad +11 more
TL;DR: Fruit and vegetable intakes were associated with reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer and all-cause mortality, and public health recommendations to increase fruit and vegetable intake for the prevention of cardiovascular Disease, cancer, and premature mortality are supported.
Journal ArticleDOI
Fruit and vegetable consumption and mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer: systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies
TL;DR: This meta-analysis provides further evidence that a higher consumption of fruit and vegetables is associated with a lower risk of all cause mortality, particularly cardiovascular mortality.
Journal ArticleDOI
Gastric Cancer: Descriptive Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Screening, and Prevention
TL;DR: The epidemiology, screening, and prevention of gastric cancer are reviewed, including its incidence, survival, mortality, and trends over time, and risk factors are characterized, both environmental and genetic.
Journal ArticleDOI
Potential role of carotenoids as antioxidants in human health and disease.
Joanna Fiedor,Květoslava Burda +1 more
TL;DR: The beneficial (protective) effects of dietary carotenoid intake in exemplary widespread modern civilization diseases, i.e., cancer, cardiovascular or photosensitivity disorders, are highlighted in the context ofcarotenoids’ unique antioxidative properties.
References
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Food, Nutrition, Physical Activity, and the Prevention of Cancer: a Global Perspective
Michael Marmot,T. Atinmo,Tim Byers,J Chen,T Hirohata,Alan Jackson,W. P. T. James,L Kolonel,Shiriki K. Kumanyika,C Leitzmann,Jim Mann,H Powers,K.S. Reddy,Elio Riboli,JA Rivera,Arthur Schatzkin,Jacob C. Seidell,D Shuker,Ricardo Uauy,Walter C. Willett,Steven H. Zeisel +20 more
TL;DR: The extent to which food, nutrition, physical activity, and body composition modify the risk of cancer, and to specify which factors are most important, is explored.
The second expert report, Food, Nutrition, Physical Activity and the Prevention of Cancer: A Global Perspective
TL;DR: In this article, the authors explore the extent to which food, nutrition, physical activity, and body composition modify the risk of cancer, and specify which factors are most important for cancer prevention.
Journal ArticleDOI
Fruit, vegetables, and cancer prevention: A review of the epidemiological evidence
TL;DR: It would appear that major public health benefits could be achieved by substantially increasing consumption of fruit and vegetable consumption, and in particular in cancers of the esophagus, oral cavity, and larynx, for which 28 of 29 studies were significant.