Journal ArticleDOI
Function and activation of NF-kappa B in the immune system.
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TLDR
The inhibition of NF-kappa B activation by antioxidants and specific protease inhibitors may provide a pharmacological basis for interfering with these acute processes in suppressing toxic/septic shock, graft-vs-host reactions, acute inflammatory reactions, severe phase response, and radiation damage.Abstract:
NF-kappa B is a ubiquitous transcription factor. Nevertheless, its properties seem to be most extensively exploited in cells of the immune system. Among these properties are NF-kappa B's rapid posttranslational activation in response to many pathogenic signals, its direct participation in cytoplasmic/nuclear signaling, and its potency to activate transcription of a great variety of genes encoding immunologically relevant proteins. In vertebrates, five distinct DNA binding subunits are currently known which might extensively heterodimerize, thereby forming complexes with distinct transcriptional activity, DNA sequence specificity, and cell type- and cell stage-specific distribution. The activity of DNA binding NF-kappa B dimers is tightly controlled by accessory proteins called I kappa B subunits of which there are also five different species currently known in vertebrates. I kappa B proteins inhibit DNA binding and prevent nuclear uptake of NF-kappa B complexes. An exception is the Bcl-3 protein which in addition can function as a transcription activating subunit in th nucleus. Other I kappa B proteins are rather involved in terminating NF-kappa B's activity in the nucleus. The intracellular events that lead to the inactivation of I kappa B, i.e. the activation of NF-kappa B, are complex. They involve phosphorylation and proteolytic reactions and seem to be controlled by the cells' redox status. Interference with the activation or activity of NF-kappa B may be beneficial in suppressing toxic/septic shock, graft-vs-host reactions, acute inflammatory reactions, acute phase response, and radiation damage. The inhibition of NF-kappa B activation by antioxidants and specific protease inhibitors may provide a pharmacological basis for interfering with these acute processes.read more
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The Role of IL-5 for Mature B-1 Cells in Homeostatic Proliferation, Cell Survival, and Ig Production
TL;DR: It is reported that the IL-5/IL-5R system plays an important role in maintaining the number and the cell size as well as the functions of mature B-1 cells and in IgA production in the mucosal tissues.
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Dysregulation of Monocytic Nuclear Factor-κB by Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein
Korbinian Brand,Tamara Eisele,Ursula Kreusel,Michael Page,Sharon Page,Monika Haas,Astrid Gerling,Christian Kaltschmidt,Franz-Josef Neumann,Nigel Mackman,Patrick A. Baeuerle,Autar K. Walli,Dieter Neumeier +12 more
TL;DR: Observations provide additional evidence that oxLDL is a potent modulator of gene expression and suggest that (dys)regulation of NF-κB/Rel is likely to play an important role in atherogenesis.
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Toll-like receptor 4-dependent activation of macrophages by polysaccharide isolated from the radix of Platycodon grandiflorum.
Yeo Dae Yoon,Sang-Bae Han,Jong Soon Kang,Chang Woo Lee,Song-Kyu Park,Hyun Sun Lee,Jong Seong Kang,Hwan Mook Kim +7 more
TL;DR: PG-mediated induction of NO production and iNOS mRNA expression in macrophages is mediated, at least in part, by TLR4/NF-kappa B signaling pathway.
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Constitutive expression of NF-κB is a characteristic feature of mycosis fungoides: Implications for apoptosis resistance and pathogenesis
Keith F. Izban,Melek Ergin,Jian-Zhong Qin,Robert L. Martinez,Robert J. Pooley,Shahnaz Saeed,Serhan Alkan +6 more
TL;DR: Data show that the active form of NF-kappa B p65(Rel A) is commonly expressed in neoplastic T lymphocytes in patients with MF and in CTCL cell lines, where a significant decrease in nuclear NF-Kappa B expression and the marked increase in spontaneous apoptosis caused by chemical NF- Kappa B inhibition suggest a critical role for NF- kappa B in the pathogenesis and tumor cell maintenance of CTCS.
Journal Article
Role of NF-kappaB-mediated interleukin-8 expression in intraocular neovascularization.
TL;DR: Results suggest that IL-8 induced by hypoxia and mediated by NF-kappaB may contribute to the pathogenesis of intraocular neovascularization.
References
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Book
Free radicals in biology and medicine
TL;DR: 1. Oxygen is a toxic gas - an introduction to oxygen toxicity and reactive species, and the chemistry of free radicals and related 'reactive species'
Journal ArticleDOI
Reactive oxygen intermediates as apparently widely used messengers in the activation of the NF-kappa B transcription factor and HIV-1.
TL;DR: It is shown that micromolar concentrations of H2O2 can induce the expression and replication of HIV‐1 in a human T cell line and suggests that diverse agents thought to activate NF‐kappa B by distinct intracellular pathways might all act through a common mechanism involving the synthesis of ROI.
Journal ArticleDOI
Multiple nuclear factors interact with the immunoglobulin enhancer sequences.
Ranjan Sen,David Baltimore +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, an electrophoretic mobility shift assay with end-labeled DNA fragments was used to characterize proteins that bind to the immunoglobulin (Ig) heavy chain and the kappa light chain enhancers.
Journal ArticleDOI
The mechanism of action of cyclosporin A and FK506
TL;DR: Recent findings that indicate CsA and FK506 operate as prodrugs are reviewed: they bind endogenous intracellular receptors, the immunophilins, and the resulting complex targets the protein phosphatase, calcineurin, to exert the immunosuppressive effect.
Journal ArticleDOI
An inducible transcription factor activates expression of human immunodeficiency virus in T cells
Gary J. Nabel,David Baltimore +1 more
TL;DR: Activation of T cells, which increases HIV expression up to 50-fold, correlated with induction of a DNA binding protein indistinguishable from a recognized transcription factor, called NF-κB, with binding sites in the viral enhancer.