Glutamine protects against oxidative stress injury through inhibiting the activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in parkinsonian cell model
TLDR
Glutamine strengthens the antioxidant capacity in PC12 cells induced by MPP+ through inhibiting the activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, suggesting that glutamine offers protection against oxidative stress injury in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium-induced Parkinson’s disease cell model.Abstract:
Parkinson’s disease is a neurodegenerative disorder, and recent studies suggested that oxidative stress contributes to the degeneration of dopamine cell in Parkinson’s disease. Glutamine also has a positive role in reducing oxidative stress damage. In this study, we hypothesized that glutamine offers protection against oxidative stress injury in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-induced Parkinson’s disease cell model. MPP+ was used to induce PD models in PC12 cells and classified into control, M0 (MPP+), G0 (glutamine), and M0+G0 groups. CCK-8 and AO/EB staining assays were used to examine cell proliferation and apoptosis, respectively. Western blotting was applied to examine the protein expression of PI3K, P-Akt, Akt, P-mTOR, and mTOR. We showed that glutamine suppressed cytotoxicity induced by MPP+ in PC12 cells. MPP+ decreased the superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activity and increased the malondialdehyde content, which were restored by glutamine. Moreover, MPP+ increased the expression of PI3K, P-Akt, Akt, P-mTOR, and mTOR, which were inhibited by glutamine. And the antioxidant capacity of glutamine on PC12 cells could be improved by LY294002 and inhibited by IGF-1. These results suggest that glutamine strengthens the antioxidant capacity in PC12 cells induced by MPP+ through inhibiting the activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. The effects of glutamine should be investigated and the protective mechanism of glutamine in PD must be explored in future studies.read more
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References
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MDS clinical diagnostic criteria for Parkinson's disease
Ronald B. Postuma,Daniela Berg,Matthew B. Stern,Werner Poewe,C. Warren Olanow,Wolfgang H. Oertel,Jose A. Obeso,Kenneth Marek,Irene Litvan,Anthony E. Lang,Glenda M. Halliday,Christopher G. Goetz,Thomas Gasser,Bruno Dubois,Piu Chan,Bastiaan R. Bloem,Charles H. Adler,Guenther Deuschl +17 more
TL;DR: The Movement Disorder Society PD Criteria retain motor parkinsonism as the core feature of the disease, defined as bradykinesia plus rest tremor or rigidity, and two levels of certainty are delineated: clinically established PD and probable PD.
Journal Article
MDS Clinical Diagnostic Criteria for Parkinson's Disease (S19.001)
Ronald B. Postuma,Daniela Berg +1 more
TL;DR: The International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society (MDS) Clinical Diagnostic Criteria for Parkinson9s disease as discussed by the authors have been proposed for clinical diagnosis, which are intended for use in clinical research, but may also be used to guide clinical diagnosis.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Role of Oxidative Stress in Parkinson’s Disease
TL;DR: Animal models of PD have yielded some insights into the molecular pathways of neuronal degeneration and highlighted previously unknown mechanisms by which oxidative stress contributes to PD, but therapeutic attempts to target the general state of oxidative stress in clinical trials have failed to demonstrate an impact on disease progression.
Journal ArticleDOI
Protection against the dopaminergic neurotoxicity of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridine by monoamine oxidase inhibitors.
TL;DR: It is reported that pargyline, nialamide and tranylcypromine, which inhibit both MAO-A andMAO-B, when administered to mice before MPTP, protect against MPTP-induced dopaminergic neurotoxicity.
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Oxidative Stress in Parkinson's Disease
TL;DR: Should a similar multifactorial cascade underlie dopaminergic neuron degeneration in PD, then the optimal therapy for this disease may have to rely on a cocktail of agents, each targeting a different critical component of this hypothesized pathogenic cascade.