Journal ArticleDOI
Ground penetrating radar geologic field studies of the ejecta of Barringer Meteorite Crater, Arizona, as a planetary analog
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In this paper, three types of ejecta are surveyed with ground penetrating radar at two wavelengths (400 MHz, 200 MHz) at Meteor Crater, Arizona, with the goal of capturing the GPR signature of the subsurface rock population.Abstract:
[1] Ground penetrating radar (GPR) has been a useful geophysical tool in investigating a variety of shallow subsurface geological environments on Earth. Here we investigate the capabilities of GPR to provide useful geologic information in one of the most common geologic settings of planetary surfaces, impact crater ejecta. Three types of ejecta are surveyed with GPR at two wavelengths (400 MHz, 200 MHz) at Meteor Crater, Arizona, with the goal of capturing the GPR signature of the subsurface rock population. In order to “ground truth” the GPR characterization, subsurface rocks are visually counted and measured in preexisting subsurface exposures immediately adjacent to and below the GPR transect. The rock size-frequency distribution from 10 to 50 cm based on visual counts is well described by both power law and exponential functions, the former slightly better, reflecting the control of fragmentation processes during the impact-ejection event. GPR counts are found to overestimate the number of subsurface rocks in the upper meter (by a factor of 2–3x) and underestimate in the second meter of depth (0.6–1.0x), results attributable to the highly scattering nature of blocky ejecta. Overturned ejecta that is fractured yet in which fragments are minimally displaced from their complement fragments produces fewer GPR returns than well-mixed ejecta. The use of two wavelengths and division of results into multiple depth zones provides multiple aspects by which to characterize the ejecta block population. Remote GPR measurement of subsurface ejecta in future planetary situations with no subsurface exposure can be used to characterize those rock populations relative to that of Meteor Crater.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Selection of the InSight Landing Site
M. Golombek,D. Kipp,Nicholas H. Warner,Nicholas H. Warner,Ingrid Daubar,Robin L. Fergason,Randolph L. Kirk,Ross A. Beyer,Andres Huertas,Sylvain Piqueux,Nathaniel E. Putzig,Nathaniel E. Putzig,Bruce A. Campbell,Gareth A. Morgan,Constantinos Charalambous,William T. Pike,Klaus Gwinner,Fred Calef,David M. Kass,Michael A. Mischna,J. W. Ashley,C. Bloom,C. Bloom,C. Bloom,N. Wigton,N. Wigton,Trent M. Hare,C. Schwartz,Hallie Gengl,L. Redmond,L. Redmond,M. Trautman,M. Trautman,J. Sweeney,Cyril Grima,Isaac B. Smith,Isaac B. Smith,E. Sklyanskiy,M. Lisano,James N. Benardini,Sue Smrekar,Philippe Lognonné,William B. Banerdt +42 more
TL;DR: The InSight landing site selection took over four years from initial identification of possible areas that met engineering constraints, to downselection via targeted data from orbiters (especially Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) Context Camera (CTX) and High-Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) images), to selection and certification via sophisticated entry, descent and landing (EDL) simulations.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Moon's farside shallow subsurface structure unveiled by Chang'E-4 Lunar Penetrating Radar.
Chunlai Li,Yan Su,Elena Pettinelli,Xing Shuguo,Chunyu Ding,Jianjun Liu,Xin Ren,Sebastian Lauro,Francesco Soldovieri,Xingguo Zeng,Gao Xingye,Wangli Chen,Shun Dai,Dawei Liu,Guangliang Zhang,Wei Zuo,Weibin Wen,Zhoubin Zhang,Xiaoxia Zhang,Hongbo Zhang +19 more
TL;DR: The CE-4 LPR images provide clear information about the structure of the subsurface, which is primarily made of low-loss, highly porous, granular materials with embedded boulders of different sizes; the images also indicate that the top of the mare basal layer should be deeper than 40 m.
Journal ArticleDOI
Regolith stratigraphy at the Chang'E-3 landing site as seen by lunar penetrating radar
Journal ArticleDOI
The WISDOM Radar: Unveiling the Subsurface Beneath the ExoMars Rover and Identifying the Best Locations for Drilling
Valérie Ciarletti,Stephen M. Clifford,Dirk Plettemeier,Alice Le Gall,Yann Herve,Sophie Dorizon,C. Quantin-Nataf,Wolf Stefan Benedix,Susanne P. Schwenzer,Elena Pettinelli,Essam Heggy,Alain Herique,Jean-Jacques Berthelier,Wlodek Kofman,Jorge L. Vago,Svein-Erik Hamran +15 more
TL;DR: The Water Ice Subsurface Deposit Observation on Mars (WISDOM) ground-penetrating radar has been designed to provide information about the nature of the shallow subsurface over depth ranging from 3 to 10m (with a vertical resolution of up to 3 cm), depending on the dielectric properties of the regolith as discussed by the authors.
An Integrated Geophysical Survey Of Kilbourne Hole, Southern New Mexico: Implications For Near Surface Exploration Of Mars And The Moon
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a table of Table of Table 1 : Table of the Table of contents of the table.... Table 2 : Table 1.1.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The Phenomena of Rupture and Flow in Solids
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the effect of surface scratches on the mechanical strength of solids, and some general conclusions were reached which appear to have a direct bearing on the problem of rupture, from an engineering standpoint, and also on the larger question of the nature of intermolecular cohesion.
Book ChapterDOI
Ground Penetrating Radar
TL;DR: The ground penetrating radar (GPR) is a nondestructive measurement technique which uses electromagnetic waves to locate targets or interfaces buried within a visually opaque substance or Earth material.