Journal ArticleDOI
Has the Burden and Distribution of PCBs and PBDEs Changed in European Background Soils between 1998 and 2008? Implications for Sources and Processes
Jasmin K. Schuster,Rosalinda Gioia,Claudia Moeckel,Tripti Agarwal,Thomas D. Bucheli,Knut Breivik,Knut Breivik,Eiliv Steinnes,Kevin C. Jones +8 more
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TLDR
Comparisons of the 2008 and 1998 data sets show a general decline for PBDEs in surface soil, and a smaller averaged net decline of PCBs, which indicate an approach to air-surface soil equilibrium and a lessening of the influence of primary sources on POP concentrations in soil.Abstract:
Background soils were collected from 70 locations on a latitudinal transect in the United Kingdom and Norway in 2008, ten years after they had first been sampled in 1998. The soils were analyzed for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and organochlorine pesticides (OCs), to see whether there had been any change in the loadings or distributions of these persistent organic pollutants (POPs). The same transect has also been used to sample air between the mid-1990s and the present, so the air and soil spatial and temporal trends provide information on air-soil transfers, source-receptor relationships, long-range atmospheric transport (LRAT), and recycling phenomena. Comparisons of the 2008 and 1998 data sets show a general decline for PBDEs in surface soil, and a smaller averaged net decline of PCBs. Changes between the years were observed for total POP concentrations in soil and also for correlations with site and sample characteristics assumed to affect those concentrat...read more
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Levels and trends of PBDEs and HBCDs in the global environment: Status at the end of 2012
Robin J. Law,Adrian Covaci,Stuart Harrad,Dorte Herzke,Mohamed Abou-Elwafa Abdallah,Kim J. Fernie,Leisa-Maree Toms,Hidetaka Takigami +7 more
TL;DR: More data on temporal trends of BDE and HBCD concentrations in a variety of matrices and locations are needed before the current status of these compounds can be fully assessed, and the impact of regulation and changing usage patterns among different flame retardants determined.
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Persistent organic pollutants in the Tibetan surface soil: Spatial distribution, air–soil exchange and implications for global cycling
TL;DR: The air-soil equilibrium status of POPs suggested the Tibetan soils may be partial "secondary sources" of HCB, low molecular weight PCBs and HCHs and will likely continue to be "sinks" for the less volatile DDE and DDT.
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Regional comparison of organophosphate flame retardant (PFR) urinary metabolites and tetrabromobenzoic acid (TBBA) in mother-toddler pairs from California and New Jersey
Craig M. Butt,Kate Hoffman,Albert Chen,Amelia Lorenzo,Johanna Congleton,Heather M. Stapleton +5 more
TL;DR: Higher PFR and EH-TBB exposure in children, likely due to increased hand-mouth behavior, is found in California toddlers and higher and ip-PPP levels in mothers as compared to the New Jersey cohort, which may be reflective of California's furniture flammability standard.
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Climatic and biogeochemical controls on the remobilization and reservoirs of persistent organic pollutants in Antarctica
TL;DR: Results from a sampling campaign carried out at Livingston Island (Antarctica) show that there is a close coupling of the polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the atmosphere and snow/ice and soils with a status close to air-surface equilibrium to a net volatilization from Antarctic reservoirs, and changes in soil biogeochemistry driven by perturbations of climate may increase to a larger degree the soil fugacity capacity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) in Surface Soils across Five Asian Countries: Levels, Spatial Distribution, and Source Contribution.
Wen-Long Li,Wan-Li Ma,Hong Liang Jia,Wen Jun Hong,Hyo-Bang Moon,Haruhiko Nakata,Nguyen Hung Minh,Ravindra K. Sinha,Kai Hsien Chi,Kurunthachalam Kannan,Ed Sverko,Yi-Fan Li,Yi-Fan Li +12 more
TL;DR: Regression analysis suggested that local population density (PD) is a good indicator of PBDEs in soils of each country and significant and positive correlation between soil organic content and PBDE level was observed in Chinese soil for most nondeca-BDE homologues with their usage stopped 10 years ago, indicating its important role in controlling the revolatilization ofPBDEs from soil.
References
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Towards a global historical emission inventory for selected PCB congeners--a mass balance approach. 1. Global production and consumption.
TL;DR: The methodology, principal uncertainties and selected results from an inventory, aiming to quantify the global production and consumption of total PCBs as well as 22 PCB congeners are presented, suggest that almost 97% of the global historical use of PCBs have occurred in the Northern Hemisphere.
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Global distribution and budget of PCBs and HCB in background surface soils: implications for sources and environmental processes.
Sandra N. Meijer,Wendy A. Ockenden,Andrew J. Sweetman,Knut Breivik,Joan O. Grimalt,Kevin C. Jones +5 more
TL;DR: This paper presents data from a survey of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) concentrations in 191 global background surface soils, with OM-rich soils in the NH consistently contained the highest burdens; such soils are a key global compartment for these compounds.
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Polychlorinated biphenyls and their biodegradation
TL;DR: A review of literature and studies on the biodegradation of PCBs is presented in this article, where the degradation route is dependent on the complexity of the PCB congener coupled with the type of microorganism employed and the interaction among the microorganisms.
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Assessing the long-range transport potential of polybrominated diphenyl ethers: A comparison of four multimedia models
TL;DR: A comparison of the LRTP estimates for the PBDEs with those of benchmark chemicals suggest that the lower-brominated congeners have a LRTP comparable to that of PCBs known to be subject to significant LRT, whereas the highly brominated Congeners have a very low potential to reach remote areas.
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Degradation half-life times of PCDDs, PCDFs and PCBs for environmental fate modeling.
TL;DR: Literature search of the knowledge on the degradation of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in environmental compartments air, water, soil and sediment was done in purpose to find properties of POPs of interest for modeling.