Heterogeneous Cellular Networks with Flexible Cell Association: A Comprehensive Downlink SINR Analysis
TLDR
A tractable framework for SINR analysis in downlink heterogeneous cellular networks (HCNs) with flexible cell association policies is developed and the average ergodic rate of the typical user, and the minimum average users throughput - the smallest value among the average user throughputs supported by one cell in each tier is derived.Abstract:
In this paper we develop a tractable framework for SINR analysis in downlink heterogeneous cellular networks (HCNs) with flexible cell association policies. The HCN is modeled as a multi-tier cellular network where each tier's base stations (BSs) are randomly located and have a particular transmit power, path loss exponent, spatial density, and bias towards admitting mobile users. For example, as compared to macrocells, picocells would usually have lower transmit power, higher path loss exponent (lower antennas), higher spatial density (many picocells per macrocell), and a positive bias so that macrocell users are actively encouraged to use the more lightly loaded picocells. In the present paper we implicitly assume all base stations have full queues; future work should relax this. For this model, we derive the outage probability of a typical user in the whole network or a certain tier, which is equivalently the downlink SINR cumulative distribution function. The results are accurate for all SINRs, and their expressions admit quite simple closed-forms in some plausible special cases. We also derive the average ergodic rate of the typical user, and the minimum average user throughput - the smallest value among the average user throughputs supported by one cell in each tier. We observe that neither the number of BSs or tiers changes the outage probability or average ergodic rate in an interference-limited full-loaded HCN with unbiased cell association (no biasing), and observe how biasing alters the various metrics.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Modeling and Analysis of K-Tier Downlink Heterogeneous Cellular Networks
Abstract: Cellular networks are in a major transition from a carefully planned set of large tower-mounted base-stations (BSs) to an irregular deployment of heterogeneous infrastructure elements that often additionally includes micro, pico, and femtocells, as well as distributed antennas. In this paper, we develop a tractable, flexible, and accurate model for a downlink heterogeneous cellular network (HCN) consisting of K tiers of randomly located BSs, where each tier may differ in terms of average transmit power, supported data rate and BS density. Assuming a mobile user connects to the strongest candidate BS, the resulting Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise-Ratio (SINR) is greater than 1 when in coverage, Rayleigh fading, we derive an expression for the probability of coverage (equivalently outage) over the entire network under both open and closed access, which assumes a strikingly simple closed-form in the high SINR regime and is accurate down to -4 dB even under weaker assumptions. For external validation, we compare against an actual LTE network (for tier 1) with the other K-1 tiers being modeled as independent Poisson Point Processes. In this case as well, our model is accurate to within 1-2 dB. We also derive the average rate achieved by a randomly located mobile and the average load on each tier of BSs. One interesting observation for interference-limited open access networks is that at a given \sinr, adding more tiers and/or BSs neither increases nor decreases the probability of coverage or outage when all the tiers have the same target-SINR.
Journal ArticleDOI
User Association for Load Balancing in Heterogeneous Cellular Networks
Ye Qiaoyang,Beiyu Rong,Yudong Chen,Mazin Al-Shalash,Constantine Caramanis,Jeffrey G. Andrews +5 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide a low-complexity distributed algorithm that converges to a near-optimal solution with a theoretical performance guarantee, and observe that simple per-tier biasing loses surprisingly little, if the bias values Aj are chosen carefully.
Journal ArticleDOI
Stochastic Geometry for Modeling, Analysis, and Design of Multi-Tier and Cognitive Cellular Wireless Networks: A Survey
TL;DR: This article presents a comprehensive survey on the literature related to stochastic geometry models for single-tier as well as multi-tier and cognitive cellular wireless networks, and discusses the open research challenges and future research directions.
Posted Content
User Association for Load Balancing in Heterogeneous Cellular Networks
Ye Qiaoyang,Beiyu Rong,Yudong Chen,Mazin Al-Shalash,Constantine Caramanis,Jeffrey G. Andrews +5 more
TL;DR: A low-complexity distributed algorithm that converges to a near-optimal solution with a theoretical performance guarantee is provided, and it is observed that simple per-tier biasing loses surprisingly little, if the bias values Aj are chosen carefully.
Journal ArticleDOI
Heterogeneous cellular networks: From theory to practice
Amitava Ghosh,Nitin Mangalvedhe,Rapeepat Ratasuk,Bishwarup Mondal,Mark Cudak,Eugene Visotsky,T. A. Thomas,Jeffrey G. Andrews,Ping Xia,Han-Shin Jo,Harpreet S. Dhillon,Thomas David Novlan +11 more
TL;DR: New theoretical models for understanding the heterogeneous cellular networks of tomorrow are discussed, and the practical constraints and challenges that operators must tackle in order for these networks to reach their potential are discussed.
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Journal ArticleDOI
Modeling and Analysis of K-Tier Downlink Heterogeneous Cellular Networks
Abstract: Cellular networks are in a major transition from a carefully planned set of large tower-mounted base-stations (BSs) to an irregular deployment of heterogeneous infrastructure elements that often additionally includes micro, pico, and femtocells, as well as distributed antennas. In this paper, we develop a tractable, flexible, and accurate model for a downlink heterogeneous cellular network (HCN) consisting of K tiers of randomly located BSs, where each tier may differ in terms of average transmit power, supported data rate and BS density. Assuming a mobile user connects to the strongest candidate BS, the resulting Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise-Ratio (SINR) is greater than 1 when in coverage, Rayleigh fading, we derive an expression for the probability of coverage (equivalently outage) over the entire network under both open and closed access, which assumes a strikingly simple closed-form in the high SINR regime and is accurate down to -4 dB even under weaker assumptions. For external validation, we compare against an actual LTE network (for tier 1) with the other K-1 tiers being modeled as independent Poisson Point Processes. In this case as well, our model is accurate to within 1-2 dB. We also derive the average rate achieved by a randomly located mobile and the average load on each tier of BSs. One interesting observation for interference-limited open access networks is that at a given \sinr, adding more tiers and/or BSs neither increases nor decreases the probability of coverage or outage when all the tiers have the same target-SINR.
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