Technology trends and especially portable applications drive the quest for low-power VLSI design. Solutions that involve algorithmic, structural or physical transformations are sought. The focus is on developing low-power circuits without affecting too much the performance (area, latency, period). For CMOS circuits most power is dissipated as dynamic power for charging and discharging node capacitances. This is why many promising results in low-power design are obtained by minimizing the number of transitions inside the CMOS circuit. While it is generally accepted that because of the large capacitances involved much of the power dissipated by an IC is at the I/O little has been specifically done for decreasing the I/O power dissipation. We propose the bus-invert method of coding the I/O which lowers the bus activity and thus decreases the I/O peak power dissipation by 50% and the I/O average power dissipation by up to 25%. The method is general but applies best for dealing with buses. This is fortunate because buses are indeed most likely to have very large capacitances associated with them and consequently dissipate a lot of power. >

/pdf/bus-invert-coding-for-low-power-i-o-239mz70mgl.pdf

High — Level Synthesis

Bus-invert coding for low-power I/O

This handbook with exercises reveals in formalisms, hitherto mainly used for hardware and software design and verification, unexpected mathematical beauty. The lambda calculus forms a prototype universal programming language, which in its untyped version is related to Lisp, and was treated in the first author's classic The Lambda Calculus (1984). The formalism has since been extended with types and used in functional programming (Haskell, Clean) and proof assistants (Coq, Isabelle, HOL), used in designing and verifying IT products and mathematical proofs. In this book, the authors focus on three classes of typing for lambda terms: simple types, recursive types and intersection types. It is in these three formalisms of terms and types that the unexpected mathematical beauty is revealed. The treatment is authoritative and comprehensive, complemented by an exhaustive bibliography, and numerous exercises are provided to deepen the readers' understanding and increase their confidence using types.

http://types10.mimuw.edu.pl/content/slides/day1/HenkBarendregt.pdf

Lambda Calculus with Types

Bus-invert coding for low-powerI/O

The basic problem of high-level synthesis is the mapping of a behavioral description of a digital system into an RTL design consisting of a data path and a control unit. The authors introduce the FSMD model, which forms the basis for synthesis. They discuss the main considerations in a high-level synthesis environment: the input description language, the internal representation, and the main synthesis tasks-allocation, scheduling, and binding. They conclude with some problems that must be solved to make high-level synthesis a widely accepted methodology. >

/pdf/an-introduction-to-high-level-synthesis-3rbvfs1uwt.pdf

An Introduction to High-Level Synthesis

This paper surveys the design of embedded computer systems, which use software running on programmable computers to implement system functions. Creating an embedded computer system which meets its performance, cost, and design time goals is a hardware-software co-design problem-the design of the hardware and software components influence each other. This paper emphasizes a historical approach to show the relationships between well-understood design problems and the as-yet unsolved problems in co-design. We describe the relationship between hardware and software architecture in the early stages of embedded system design. We describe analysis techniques for hardware and software relevant to the architectural choices required for hardware-software co-design. We also describe design and synthesis techniques for co-design and related problems. >

http://home.engineering.iastate.edu/~zambreno/classes/cpre583/documents/Wol94A.pdf

High — Level Synthesis

Citations

Bus-invert coding for low-power I/O

Lambda Calculus with Types

Bus-invert coding for low-powerI/O

An Introduction to High-Level Synthesis

Hardware-software co-design of embedded systems

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