Human plague: An old scourge that needs new answers.
Xavier Vallès,Nils Chr. Stenseth,Nils Chr. Stenseth,Christian E. Demeure,Peter Horby,Paul S. Mead,Oswaldo Cabanillas,Ratsitorahina M,Minoarisoa Rajerison,Voahangy Andrianaivoarimanana,Beza Ramasindrazana,Javier Pizarro-Cerdá,Holger C. Scholz,Romain Girod,B. Joseph Hinnebusch,Inès Vigan-Womas,Arnaud Fontanet,Arnaud Fontanet,David M. Wagner,Sandra Telfer,Yazdan Yazdanpanah,Pablo Tortosa,Guia Carrara,Jane Lynda Deuve,Steven R. Belmain,Eric D'Ortenzio,Laurence Baril +26 more
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TLDR
An urgent commitment is needed to develop and fund a strong research agenda aiming to fill the current knowledge gaps structured around 4 main axes: an improved understanding of the ecological interactions among the reservoir, vector, pathogen, and environment, and human and societal responses, and improved diagnostic tools and case management.Abstract:
Yersinia pestis, the bacterial causative agent of plague, remains an important threat to human health. Plague is a rodent-borne disease that has historically shown an outstanding ability to colonize and persist across different species, habitats, and environments while provoking sporadic cases, outbreaks, and deadly global epidemics among humans. Between September and November 2017, an outbreak of urban pneumonic plague was declared in Madagascar, which refocused the attention of the scientific community on this ancient human scourge. Given recent trends and plague's resilience to control in the wild, its high fatality rate in humans without early treatment, and its capacity to disrupt social and healthcare systems, human plague should be considered as a neglected threat. A workshop was held in Paris in July 2018 to review current knowledge about plague and to identify the scientific research priorities to eradicate plague as a human threat. It was concluded that an urgent commitment is needed to develop and fund a strong research agenda aiming to fill the current knowledge gaps structured around 4 main axes: (i) an improved understanding of the ecological interactions among the reservoir, vector, pathogen, and environment; (ii) human and societal responses; (iii) improved diagnostic tools and case management; and (iv) vaccine development. These axes should be cross-cutting, translational, and focused on delivering context-specific strategies. Results of this research should feed a global control and prevention strategy within a "One Health" approach.read more
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References
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NATURAL HISTORY OF PLAGUE: Perspectives from More than a Century of Research ∗
Kenneth L. Gage,Michael Kosoy +1 more
TL;DR: The zoonotic nature of the disease and that plague exists in natural cycles involving transmission between rodent hosts and flea vectors are among the most important discoveries.
Journal ArticleDOI
Yersinia pestis genome sequencing identifies patterns of global phylogenetic diversity
Giovanna Morelli,Yajun Song,Yajun Song,Camila J. Mazzoni,Mark Eppinger,Philippe Roumagnac,David M. Wagner,Mirjam Feldkamp,Barica Kusecek,Amy J. Vogler,Yanjun Li,Yujun Cui,Nicholas R. Thomson,Thibaut Jombart,Raphaël Leblois,Peter Lichtner,Lila Rahalison,Jeannine M. Petersen,Francois Balloux,Paul Keim,Paul Keim,Thierry Wirth,Jacques Ravel,Ruifu Yang,Elisabeth Carniel,Mark Achtman +25 more
TL;DR: The phylogenetic analysis suggests that Y. pestis evolved in or near China and spread through multiple radiations to Europe, South America, Africa and Southeast Asia, leading to country-specific lineages that can be traced by lineage-specific SNPs.
Journal ArticleDOI
Plague: past, present, and future.
Nils Chr-H.-R. Stenseth,Bakyt B. Atshabar,Michael Begon,Steven R. Belmain,Eric Bertherat,Elisabeth Carniel,Kenneth L. Gage,Herwig Leirs,Lila Rahalison +8 more
TL;DR: The authors argue that plague should be taken much more seriously by the international health community and the government should take plague more seriously.
Journal ArticleDOI
Multiple antimicrobial resistance in plague: an emerging public health risk.
Timothy J. Welch,W. Florian Fricke,Patrick F. McDermott,David G. White,Marie Laure Rosso,David A. Rasko,Mark K. Mammel,Mark Eppinger,M. J. Rosovitz,David M. Wagner,Lila Rahalison,J. Eugene LeClerc,Jeffrey M. Hinshaw,Luther E. Lindler,Thomas A. Cebula,Elisabeth Carniel,Jacques Ravel +16 more
TL;DR: These studies reveal that this common plasmid backbone is broadly disseminated among MDR zoonotic pathogens associated with agriculture and has the potential to disseminate to Y. pestis and other human and zoonosis bacterial pathogens and therefore represents a significant public health concern.
Journal ArticleDOI
Intraspecific Diversity of Yersinia pestis
TL;DR: The variety of methods used in the FSU to classify Y. pestis strains based on genetic and phenotypic variation are described and show that there is a high level of diversity in these strains not reflected by ones obtained from sylvatic areas and patients in the Americas.
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