Hypercalcemia and cancer: Differential diagnosis and treatment.
TLDR
The initial workup, differential diagnoses, confirmatory laboratory testing, imaging, and medical and surgical management of hypercalcemia are described in the patient with cancer.Abstract:
Incidentally detected hypercalcemia usually presents in an indolent manner and is most likely caused by primary hyperparathyroidism. In contrast, hypercalcemia in the patient with a history of cancer presents in a wide range of clinical settings and may be severe enough to warrant hospitalization. This form of hypercalcemia is usually secondary to hypercalcemia of malignancy and can be fatal. Hypercalcemia of malignancy is most commonly mediated by tumoral production of parathyroid hormone-related protein or by cytokines activating osteoclast degradation of bone. The initial workup, differential diagnoses, confirmatory laboratory testing, imaging, and medical and surgical management of hypercalcemia are described in the patient with cancer.read more
Citations
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Pancreatitis: TIGAR-O Version 2 Risk/Etiology Checklist With Topic Reviews, Updates, and Use Primers.
TL;DR: The revised TIGAR-O_V2 system is designed as a hierarchical checklist for health care workers to quickly document and track specific factors that, alone or in combinations, may contribute to progressive pancreatic disease in individual patients or groups of patients and to assist in treatment selection.
Journal ArticleDOI
Parathyroid cancer: An update
Juan P. Rodrigo,Juan C. Hernandez-Prera,Gregory W. Randolph,Mark Zafereo,Dana M. Hartl,Carl E. Silver,Carlos Suárez,Randall P. Owen,Carol R. Bradford,Antti Mäkitie,Ashok R. Shaha,Justin A. Bishop,Alessandra Rinaldo,Alfio Ferlito +13 more
TL;DR: The information on PC is updated by reviewing the literature over the past 10 years and summarizing the findings of the largest series published in this period, as there are no specific clinical, biochemical, or radiological characteristic of PC.
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Diagnosis, Pathophysiology and Management of Hypercalcemia in Malignancy: A Review of the Literature.
Nikolaos Asonitis,Anna Angelousi,Christos Zafeiris,George I. Lambrou,Ismene Dontas,Eva Kassi +5 more
TL;DR: Early diagnosis and treatment lowering calcium levels in the blood can improve symptoms and the quality of life of these patients and avoid delays for further antitumor therapy.
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Denosumab for management of severe hypercalcemia in primary hyperparathyroidism.
Anna Eremkina,Julia Krupinova,Ekaterina Dobreva,Anna K. Gorbacheva,Ekaterina Bibik,Margarita Samsonova,Alina Ajnetdinova,Natalya Mokrysheva +7 more
TL;DR: The study shows that denosumab is a useful tool in PHPT-associated hypercalcemia before surgery or if surgery is contraindicated, and a significant increase in calcium levels is confirmed.
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Bisphosphonate-Based Conjugates and Derivatives as Potential Therapeutic Agents in Osteoporosis, Bone Cancer and Metastatic Bone Cancer.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focused on the biological outcomes of designed bisphosphonate-based conjugates for the treatment of metastatic bone cancer and osteoporosis.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Ectopic production of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D by B-cell lymphoma as a cause of hypercalcemia.
Aart H. Mudde,Henk van den Berg,Peter G. Boshuis,Ferdinand C. Breedveld,H. M. Markusse,Phillip M. Kluin,Olav L. M. Bijvoet,Socrates E. Papapoulos +7 more
TL;DR: Hypercalcemia in malignant B‐cell lymphoma can be due to extrarenal production of 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D by lymphomatous tissue, and is shown to bind to a specific chick intestinal cytosol receptor and to dilute in parallel with synthetic 1, 25‐dhydroxy vitamin D3 in the receptor binding assay.
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Tumor‐induced hypercalcemia and parathyroid hormone‐related protein in lung carcinoma
Eiji Takai,Tokujiro Yano,Haruo Iguchi,Yasuro Fukuyama,Hideki Yokoyama,Hiroshi Asoh,Yukito Ichinose +6 more
TL;DR: Although lung carcinoma is the most common cause of tumor‐induced hypercalcemia (TIH), the precise incidence of TIH remains obscure and the role of parathyroid hormone‐related protein (PTHrP) has not been clearly elucidated.
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Medical treatment of malignancy-associated hypercalcemia.
TL;DR: At present, pamidronate, zoledronate and ibandronate should be considered the drugs of choice in the treatment of MAH, and several bisphosphonates have shown to decrease serum calcium levels by inhibiting PTH-dependent osteoclast activation.
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Small cell carcinoma of the ovary with hypercalcemia and ectopic parathyroid hormone production.
TL;DR: Parathormone expression in tumor cells, rarely reported, was seen in this case, suggesting that ectopic parathyroid hormone production by the tumor cells may be the cause of hypercalcemia.
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Denosumab: a new agent in the management of hypercalcemia of malignancy
Sonali Thosani,Mimi I. Hu +1 more
TL;DR: The US FDA recently approved denosumab for the indication of hypercalcemia of malignancy, increasing the options available for patients with this debilitating and life-threatening condition.