Hypoxia Induces Aortic Hypertrophic Growth, Left Ventricular Dysfunction, and Sympathetic Hyperinnervation of Peripheral Arteries in the Chick Embryo
Ellen V. Rouwet,Andrei Tintu,M.W.M. Schellings,M. van Bilsen,Esther Lutgens,Leonard Hofstra,Dick W. Slaaf,Graham Ramsay,F. A. C. Le Noble +8 more
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The findings reveal that antenatal insults have profound effects on the control and design of the circulatory system that are already established at birth and may program for hypertension and heart failure at a later age.Abstract:
Background— Low birth weight is associated with an increased incidence of cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension, later in life. This suggests that antenatal insults program for fetal adaptations of the circulatory system. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of mild hypoxia on cardiac function, blood pressure control, and arterial structure and function in near-term chick embryos. Methods and Results— Chick embryos were incubated under normoxic (21% O2) or hypoxic (15% O2) conditions and evaluated at incubation day 19 by use of histological techniques, isolated heart preparations, and in vivo measurements of sympathetic arterial tone and systemic hemodynamics. Chronic hypoxia caused a 33% increase in mortality and an 11% reduction in body weight in surviving embryos. The lumen of the ascending aorta in hypoxic embryos was 23% smaller. Left ventricular systolic pressure was 22% lower, and heart weight/body weight ratio was 14% higher. In resistance arteries of hypoxic embryos, in vivo b...read more
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Developmental Programming of Cardiovascular Dysfunction by Prenatal Hypoxia and Oxidative Stress
Dino A. Giussani,Emily J. Camm,Youguo Niu,Hans Richter,Carlos E. Blanco,Rachel Gottschalk,E. Zachary Blake,Katy A. Horder,Avnesh S. Thakor,Jeremy A. Hansell,Andrew D. Kane,F. B. Peter Wooding,Christine M. Cross,Emilio A. Herrera +13 more
TL;DR: It is tested the hypothesis that oxidative stress in the fetal heart and vasculature underlies the molecular basis via which prenatal hypoxia programmes cardiovascular dysfunction in later life and possible targets for intervention against developmental origins of cardiac and peripheral vascular dysfunction in offspring of risky pregnancy.
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Renal Denervation Abolishes Hypertension in Low-Birth-Weight Offspring From Pregnant Rats With Reduced Uterine Perfusion
TL;DR: Findings indicate the renal nerves play an important role in mediating hypertension in adult growth-restricted offspring.
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Fetal programming of hypertension.
TL;DR: This review summarizes the adaptive responses observed in the different models used to induce a suboptimal fetal environment and discusses insights into the mechanisms mediating the fetal programming of hypertension.
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What determines blood vessel structure? Genetic prespecification vs. hemodynamics.
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that, during later stages of embryogenesis, blood flow plays a crucial role in regulating vessel identity and network remodeling and the pivotal role for blood flow and physical forces in shaping the cardiovascular system is highlighted.
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Ascites syndrome in broilers: physiological and nutritional perspectives.
A Baghbanzadeh,Eddy Decuypere +1 more
TL;DR: As the high metabolic rate (fast growth) is a major factor contributing to the susceptibility of broilers to ascites, early-age feed or nutrient restriction or light restriction in order to slow down the growth rate seem practically viable methods, since final body weight is not compromised.
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