Journal ArticleDOI
Ice protection systems for wind turbines in cold climate: characteristics, comparisons and analysis
Oloufemi Fakorede,Oloufemi Fakorede,Zoe Feger,Hussein Ibrahim,Adrian Ilinca,Jean Perron,Christian Masson +6 more
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TLDR
In this article, the authors compare the existing ice mitigation solutions and provide an indication on their efficiency, and present an analysis of the current market, compare ice protection techniques and systems, based on various criteria, and measure the additional costs generated by ice mitigation.Abstract:
The impact of icing on wind turbines and energy production in northern regions is a severe problem. Therefore, emphasis on developing ice mitigation systems has become a significant part of the wind energy conversion systems. These systems use various technologies and have different specifications, sometimes with no clear indication of their efficiency. Since the effect of cold climate on wind turbines is complex, not every ice protection system is suitable for a given wind farm. Therefore, the aim of this work is to compare the existing ice mitigation solutions and provide an indication on their efficiency. In this paper, we first review the most recent standards set by experts, and the major issues associated with wind energy in cold climates. Then, we present the ice protection techniques found in the literature, and then highlight the recent research on the optimization of the systems. Finally, we present an analysis of the current market, compare ice protection techniques and systems, based on various criteria, and measure the additional costs generated by ice mitigation.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
A superhydrophobic/electrothermal synergistically anti-icing strategy based on graphene composite
TL;DR: In this article, a superhydrophobic/electrothermal synergistically anti-icing strategy based on graphene composite was introduced, which could solve the re-freeze problem as the melted ice tend to stay on the surface is still a challenge.
Journal ArticleDOI
Beyond traditional coatings, a review on thermal sprayed functional and smart coatings
TL;DR: A comprehensive review of the current state of functional and smart coatings produced using thermal spraying deposition is presented in this paper, with a focus on how different techniques achieve the thermal and kinetic energy required to form a coating.
Journal ArticleDOI
Graphene-based surface heater for de-icing applications
Nazmul Karim,Minglonghai Zhang,Shaila Afroj,Vivek Koncherry,Prasad Potluri,Konstantin S. Novoselov +5 more
TL;DR: In this article, a scalable process of making highly conductive graphene-based glass fibre rovings for de-icing applications is described, which is then integrated into a vacuum-infused epoxy-glass fabric composite.
Journal ArticleDOI
Beyond Traditional Coatings: A Review on Thermal-Sprayed Functional and Smart Coatings
TL;DR: A comprehensive review of the current state of functional and smart coatings produced using thermal spraying deposition is presented in this article, with a focus on how different techniques achieve the thermal and kinetic energy required to form a coating.
Journal ArticleDOI
Diagnosis of wind turbine faults with transfer learning algorithms
TL;DR: A novel transfer learning algorithm studied in this paper, TrAdaBoost, has been proved to have superior performance on dealing with data imbalance and different distributions and provides important insights into unsupervised learning for wind turbine fault diagnosis.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Anti-icing and de-icing techniques for wind turbines: Critical review
Olivier Parent,Adrian Ilinca +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed an active and passive anti-icing and de-icing strategies to minimize the effects of wind turbine icing in various ways, including measurement and control errors, power losses, mechanical and electrical failures and safety hazard.
Journal ArticleDOI
A review of surface engineering issues critical to wind turbine performance
TL;DR: In this paper, a survey of this topic suggests that a desirable solution may be a single surface engineered coating that reduces the incidence of ice adhesion, insect fouling, and protects the blade surface from erosive deterioration.
Journal ArticleDOI
Understanding the effect of superhydrophobic coatings on energy reduction in anti-icing systems
Carlo Antonini,Massimiliano Innocenti,Massimiliano Innocenti,Tobias Horn,Marco Marengo,Alidad Amirfazli +5 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of superhydrophobic coatings on surfaces exposed to icing conditions was studied in an open loop icing wind tunnel (IWT) on a standard NACA0021 airfoil in two different icing conditions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ice sensors for wind turbines
TL;DR: A review of ice sensor technology and the challenges for icing detection for wind turbines was performed in this article, where a total of 29 different methods for detection of icing were found, and these were then compared with a list of some basic requirements for an icing sensor for wind turbine applications.
State-of-the-art of wind energy in cold climates
Timo Laakso,Ian Baring-Gould,Michael Durstewitz,Robert Horbaty,Antoine Lacroix,Esa Peltola,Göran Ronsten,Lars Tallhaug,Tomas Wallenius +8 more
TL;DR: In this article, the state-of-the-art of arctic wind energy is presented: knowledge on climatic conditions and resources, technical solutions in use and operational experience of wind turbines in cold climates.
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