Identification and Mutational Analysis of Bacteriophage PRD1 Holin Protein P35
Pia S. Rydman,Dennis H. Bamford +1 more
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The identification of the membrane-containing phage PRD1 holin gene (gene XXXV) is described and the charged amino acids at the protein C terminus are involved in the timing of host cell lysis.Abstract:
Holin proteins are phage-induced integral membrane proteins which regulate the access of lytic enzymes to host cell peptidoglycan at the time of release of progeny viruses by host cell lysis. We describe the identification of the membrane-containing phage PRD1 holin gene (gene XXXV). The PRD1 holin protein (P35, 12.8 kDa) acts similarly to its functional counterpart from phage lambda (gene S), and the defect in PRD1 gene XXXV can be corrected by the presence of gene S of lambda. Several nonsense, missense, and insertion mutations in PRD1 gene XXXV were analyzed. These studies support the overall conclusion that the charged amino acids at the protein C terminus are involved in the timing of host cell lysis.read more
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Phage lysis: three steps, three choices, one outcome.
TL;DR: The lysis of bacterial hosts by double-strand DNA bacteriophages, once thought to reflect merely the accumulation of sufficient lysozyme activity during the infection cycle, has been revealed to recently be revealed to be a carefully regulated and temporally scheduled process.
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Phage lysis: do we have the hole story yet?
TL;DR: In infections of Gram-negative bacteria, lysis is a three step process, with a choice of two effectors for each step, and a third class of lysis protein, the spanin, is required for disruption of the outer membrane.
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The pinholin of lambdoid phage 21: control of lysis by membrane depolarization.
TL;DR: The phage 21 holin, S(21), forms small membrane holes that depolarize the membrane and is designated as a pinholin, as opposed to large-hole-forming holins, like S(lambda), which require secreted SAR endolysins.
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Micron-scale holes terminate the phage infection cycle
Jill S. Dewey,Christos G. Savva,Rebecca L. White,Stanislav Vitha,Andreas Holzenburg,Ry Young +5 more
TL;DR: Surprisingly, the scale of the holes caused by S105, the λ-holin, have been captured in vivo by cryo-EM and are at least an order of magnitude greater than any previously described membrane channel.
Journal ArticleDOI
Global Changes in Cellular Gene Expression during Bacteriophage PRD1 Infection
Minna M. Poranen,Janne J. Ravantti,A. Marika Grahn,Rashi Gupta,Petri Auvinen,Dennis H. Bamford +5 more
TL;DR: Changes in Escherichia coli gene expression during bacteriophage PRD1 infection using microarray technology are reported, indicating that there is no major reprogramming of the host during early infection.
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