Illnesses Caused by Marine Toxins
Jeremy Sobel,John A. Painter +1 more
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TLDR
There is no antidote for any of the marine toxins, and supportive care is the mainstay of treatment, and rapid notification of public health authorities is essential, because timely investigation may identify the source of contaminated seafood and prevent additional illnesses.Abstract:
Marine toxins are produced by algae or bacteria and are concentrated in contaminated seafood. Substantial increases in seafood consumption in recent years, together with globalization of the seafood trade, have increased potential exposure to these agents. Marine toxins produce neurological, gastrointestinal, and cardiovascular syndromes, some of which result in high mortality and long-term morbidity. Routine clinical diagnostic tests are not available for these toxins; diagnosis is based on clinical presentation and a history of eating seafood in the preceding 24 h. There is no antidote for any of the marine toxins, and supportive care is the mainstay of treatment. In particular, paralytic shellfish poisoning and puffer fish poisoning can cause death within hours after consuming the toxins and may require immediate intensive care. Rapid notification of public health authorities is essential, because timely investigation may identify the source of contaminated seafood and prevent additional illnesses. Extensive environmental monitoring and sometimes seasonal quarantine of a harvest are employed to reduce the risk of exposure.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Epidemiology of Seafood-Associated Infections in the United States
TL;DR: Defining these problem areas, which relies on surveillance of seafood-associated infections through outbreak and case reporting, can lead to targeted research and help to guide control efforts, will be important to assess the effectiveness of current and future prevention strategies.
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Neurotoxic shellfish poisoning.
TL;DR: Cases are usually associated with recreationally-harvested shellfish collected during or post red tide blooms, and can progress to partial paralysis; respiratory distress has been recorded.
Journal ArticleDOI
Harmful Algal Blooms and Public Health
TL;DR: Further transdisciplinary research, close communication and collaboration are needed among HAB scientists, public health researchers, and local, state and tribal health departments at academic, community outreach, and policy levels to minimize human and public health risks.
Journal ArticleDOI
Shellfish toxicity: human health implications of marine algal toxins.
TL;DR: Five major human toxic syndromes caused by the consumption of shellfish contaminated by algal toxins are presented and improvements in toxin detection methods and increased toxin surveillance programmes are positive developments in limiting human exposure to shellfish toxins.
Journal ArticleDOI
Marine Toxins Detection by Biosensors Based on Aptamers.
TL;DR: The detection of marine toxins by aptamer-based biosensors, as well as the selection approach for the systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX), the aptamer sequences are reviewed.
References
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