Journal ArticleDOI
Implicit Bias and Policing
TLDR
In a time when racial prejudice is generally taboo and decision makers, including law enforcement officials, strenuously disavow the use of group-based stereotypes to make judgments that affect others, one might expect discriminatory outcomes to be unusual as mentioned in this paper.Abstract:
In a time when racial prejudice is generally taboo and decision makers, including law enforcement officials, strenuously disavow the use of group-based stereotypes to make judgments that affect others, one might expect discriminatory outcomes to be unusual. However, research repeatedly indicates that discrimination is pervasive across many domains, and specifically in policing. A major cause of biased policing is likely the implicit biases that operate outside of conscious awareness and control but nevertheless influence our behaviors. Implicit biases (e.g., stereotypes linking Blacks with crime or with related traits like violence or hostility) influence judgments through processes of misattribution and disambiguation. Although psychological science gives us good insight into the causes of racially biased policing, there are as yet no known, straightforward, effective intervention programs. Nevertheless, there are several strands of research that represent promising avenues for further exploration, including intergroup contact, exposure to counter-stereotypic exemplars, and stereotype negation. Meanwhile, many police departments are adjusting their policies, trainings, and procedures to try to address biased policing and community complaints. Several common themes among those changes include banning racial profiling, collecting data, training officers, reducing discretion, and adopting new technologies. These adjustments are more likely to be successful if they incorporate the understanding that biased policing occurs in the absence of explicitly “racist” thoughts because of well-documented, pernicious stereotypes that operate largely outside of conscious awareness and control.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
A bird's eye view of civilians killed by police in 2015: further evidence of implicit bias
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed 990 police fatal shootings using data compiled by The Washington Post in 2015 and examined the data for evidence of implicit bias by using multivariate regression models that predict two indicators of threat perception failure: (1) whether the civilian was not attacking the officer(s) or other civilians just before being fatally shot and (2) whether a civilian was unarmed when fatally shot.
Journal ArticleDOI
Layers of Bias: A Unified Approach for Understanding Problems With Risk Assessment:
TL;DR: Scholars in several fields, including quantitative methodologists, legal scholars, and theoretically oriented criminologists, have launched robust debates about the fairness of quantitative risk as discussed in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
Reducing Minority Discrimination at the Front Line—Combined Survey and Field Experimental Evidence
TL;DR: This article showed that even though discrimination among bureaucrats does not (only) occur in a reflective manner, it can be reduced by altering the way bureaucrats’ work is organized, which can be found in four randomized experiments supporting the notion that bureaucrats discriminate as a way of coping with high workload.
Journal ArticleDOI
Making Messy Data Work for Conservation
Andrew D. M. Dobson,E. J. Milner-Gulland,Nicholas J. Aebischer,Colin M. Beale,Robert Brozovic,Peter Coals,Rob Critchlow,Anthony Dancer,Michelle Greve,Amy Hinsley,Harriet Ibbett,Alison Johnston,Timothy Kuiper,Steven C. Le Comber,Simon P. Mahood,Simon P. Mahood,Jennifer F. Moore,Erlend B. Nilsen,Michael J. O. Pocock,Anthony Quinn,Henry Travers,Paulo Wilfred,Joss Wright,Aidan Keane +23 more
TL;DR: This work proposes a framework for appraising messy data to guide those engaging with these types of dataset and make them work for conservation and broader sustainability applications.
Journal ArticleDOI
“The Only Thing New is the Cameras”: A Study of U.S. College Students’ Perceptions of Police Violence on Social Media:
Felicia Campbell,Pamela Valera +1 more
TL;DR: The authors explored the impact of publicized incidents of police violence on racially underrepresented college students in the U.S. and found that approximately 134 college students at various colleges and universities were disproportionately African American.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
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Journal ArticleDOI
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Journal ArticleDOI
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