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Inequality of opportunity in Indian children: the case of immunization and nutrition

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TLDR
In this paper, the authors used two rounds of Indian National Family Health Surveys and concepts of Inequality of Opportunity and Human Opportunity Indices to measure inequality arising out of unequal access to full immunization and minimum nutrition for Indian children.
Abstract
A child’s access to health care and minimum nutrition should not depend on circumstances such as caste, religion, gender, place of birth, or other parental characteristics, which are beyond the control of a child. This paper uses two rounds of Indian National Family Health Surveys and concepts of Inequality of Opportunity and Human Opportunity Indices to measure inequality arising out of unequal access to full immunization and minimum nutrition for Indian children. The results suggest overall high level of inequality of opportunity with substantial geographical variations. Changes in inequality of opportunity in the two services during 1992-93 to 2005-06 were mixed with some geographical regions outperforming others. The findings also call for substantial policy revisions if the goal of universal access to full immunization and minimum nutrition has to be achieved.

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Gender Based Within-Household Inequality in Childhood Immunization in India: Changes over Time and across Regions

TL;DR: The main conclusions are the following: GWHI contributes substantially to the overall inequality in immunization status of Indian children; and though the Overall inequality in Immunization status declined in all the regions, the changes in G WHI were mixed.
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Determinants of immunization inequality among urban poor children: evidence from Nairobi’s informal settlements

TL;DR: There exists immunization inequality among urban poor children in Nairobi and efforts to reduce this inequality should aim at targeting mothers with low level of education during immunization campaigns.
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Are Daughters Like Mothers: Evidence on Intergenerational Educational Mobility Among Young Females in India

TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined intergenerational educational mobility for young females (vis-a-vis their mothers) in India, taking data from the India Youth Survey: Situation and Needs.
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Increasing Compulsion to Work for Wages: Old Age Labor Participation and Supply in India over the Past Two Decades

TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the changes in determinants of wage labor participation and supply of the elderly (60 years and above) over the last two decades in India and found that elders from poorer and weaker sections have higher compulsion for labor participation in both rural and urban areas and more so in 2009-10.
References
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Estimating Wealth Effects without Expenditure Data or Tears: With an Application to Educational Enrollments in States of India

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TL;DR: How PCA-based indices are constructed, how they can be used, and their validity and limitations are reviewed, and issues related to choice of variables, data preparation and problems such as data clustering are addressed.
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The influence of parent education and family income on child achievement: the indirect role of parental expectations and the home environment.

TL;DR: The author found that the socioeconomic factors were related indirectly to children's academic achievement through parents' beliefs and behaviors but that the process of these relations was different by racial group.
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On kinship structure, female autonomy, and demographic behavior in India.

TL;DR: In this paper, the main states of India are broadly grouped into two demographic regimes, i.e., northern kinship/low female autonomy and southern kinship /high female autonomy, and the analysis suggests that family social status is probably the most important element in comprehending Indias demographic situation.
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