Initial construction of a maladaptive personality trait model and inventory for DSM-5.
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A maladaptive personality trait model and corresponding instrument are developed as a step on the path toward helping users of DSM-5 assess traits that may or may not constitute a formal personality disorder.Abstract:
Background DSM-IV-TR suggests that clinicians should assess clinically relevant personality traits that do not necessarily constitute a formal personality disorder (PD), and should note these traits on Axis II, but DSM-IV-TR does not provide a trait model to guide the clinician. Our goal was to provide a provisional trait model and a preliminary corresponding assessment instrument, in our roles as members of the DSM-5 Personality and Personality Disorders Workgroup and workgroup advisors. Method An initial list of specific traits and domains (broader groups of traits) was derived from DSM-5 literature reviews and workgroup deliberations, with a focus on capturing maladaptive personality characteristics deemed clinically salient, including those related to the criteria for DSM-IV-TR PDs. The model and instrument were then developed iteratively using data from community samples of treatment-seeking participants. The analytic approach relied on tools of modern psychometrics (e.g. item response theory models). Results A total of 25 reliably measured core elements of personality description emerged that, together, delineate five broad domains of maladaptive personality variation: negative affect, detachment, antagonism, disinhibition, and psychoticism. Conclusions We developed a maladaptive personality trait model and corresponding instrument as a step on the path toward helping users of DSM-5 assess traits that may or may not constitute a formal PD. The inventory we developed is reprinted in its entirety in the Supplementary online material, with the goal of encouraging additional refinement and development by other investigators prior to the finalization of DSM-5. Continuing discussion should focus on various options for integrating personality traits into DSM-5.read more
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The hierarchical structure and construct validity of the PID-5 trait measure in adolescence
Barbara De Clercq,Filip De Fruyt,Marleen De Bolle,Alain Van Hiel,Kristian E. Markon,Robert F. Krueger +5 more
Abstract: The DSM-5 may be the first edition that enables a developmental perspective on personality disorders because of its proposal to include a trait assessment in the Axis II section. The current study explores the reliability, structure, and construct validity of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5; Krueger, Derringer, Markon, Watson, & Skodol, 2012) in adolescents, a measure that assesses the proposed DSM-5 traits. A community sample of Flemish adolescents (N = 434; 44.7% male) provided self-reports on the PID-5 and the Dimensional Personality Symptom Itempool (DIPSI; De Clercq, De Fruyt, Van Leeuwen, & Mervielde, 2006). Results indicate an acceptable reliability for the majority of the PID-5 facets and a tendency toward structural convergence of the adolescent PID-5 structure with the adult proposal. Convergent validity with age-specific facets of personality pathology was generally supported, but discriminant validity appeared to be low. Beyond the findings that support the applicability of the PID-5 in adolescents, developmental issues may be responsible for specific differences in the adolescent PID-5 structure, the rather poor discriminant validity of the PID-5, and the lower reliability of a small number of PID-5 facets. These results indicate that further research on the validity of the PID-5 in younger age groups is required.
Journal ArticleDOI
Validity and utility of Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP): III. Emotional dysfunction superspectrum
David Watson,Holly F. Levin-Aspenson,Monika A. Waszczuk,Christopher C. Conway,Tim Dalgleish,Michael N. Dretsch,Nicholas R. Eaton,Miriam K. Forbes,Kelsie T. Forbush,Kelsey A. Hobbs,Giorgia Michelini,Brady D. Nelson,Martin Sellbom,Tim Slade,Susan C. South,Matthew Sunderland,Irwin D. Waldman,Michael Witthöft,Aidan G. C. Wright,Roman Kotov,R. Kroeger +20 more
TL;DR: Compared to traditional diagnoses, the internalizing and somatoform spectra of HiTOP demonstrated substantially improved utility: greater reliability, larger explanatory and predictive power, and greater clinical applicability.
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Character Strengths and PERMA: Investigating the Relationships of Character Strengths with a Multidimensional Framework of Well-Being
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the relationship between character strengths and the orientations to well-being in two cross-sectional studies, while also taking informant-reports into account and utilizing different questionnaires to control for a possible method bias.
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