Journal ArticleDOI
Iodine kinetics and effectiveness of stable iodine prophylaxis after intake of radioactive iodine: a review.
TLDR
The risk of radiation-induced thyroid cancer in case of accidental exposure to radioactive iodine justifies KI prophylaxis, despite the risk of hypothyroidism, especially in newborns and for the elderly, the benefits of KI may be lower than therisk of iodine-induced hyperthyroidism.Abstract:
Ingestion of potassium iodide (KI) offers effective protection against irradiation of the thyroid after accidental exposure to radioactive iodine. This prophylaxis aims at rapidly obtaining maximal thyroid protection without adverse effects. This article reviews studies on iodine kinetics in humans and on the efficacy of KI in protecting the thyroid. In adults with normal thyroid function, ingestion of 100 mg of iodide just before exposure to radioactive iodine blocks at least 95% of the thyroid dose. If exposure persists after iodide ingestion (100 mg), the percentage of averted dose may decrease significantly. Daily ingestion of a dose of 15 mg of KI would then maintain the thyroid blockade at a level above 90%. The efficacy of iodide and the occurrence of antithyroid effects also depend on external and individual factors such as dietary iodine intake, thyroid function, and age. The KI dosage regimen should be adjusted for age at exposure. For the fetus, the newborn, children, and adolescents, the risk of radiation-induced thyroid cancer in case of accidental exposure to radioactive iodine justifies KI prophylaxis, despite the risk of hypothyroidism, especially in newborns. For the elderly, the benefits of KI may be lower than the risk of iodine-induced hyperthyroidism.read more
Citations
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Clinical translation of an ultrasmall inorganic optical-PET imaging nanoparticle probe
Evan H. Phillips,Oula Penate-Medina,Pat Zanzonico,Richard D. Carvajal,Pauliah Mohan,Yunpeng Ye,John L. Humm,Mithat Gonen,Hovanes Kalaigian,Heiko Schöder,H. William Strauss,Steven M. Larson,Ulrich Wiesner,Michelle S. Bradbury +13 more
TL;DR: The authors found that the nanoparticles were not toxic in a small group of five patients with metastatic melanoma and that the particles were excreted intact via the kidneys and bladder, suggesting safe use of these particles in human cancer diagnostics.
Journal ArticleDOI
Porous sorbents for the capture of radioactive iodine compounds: a review
Joffrey Huve,Joffrey Huve,Andrey Ryzhikov,Andrey Ryzhikov,Habiba Nouali,Habiba Nouali,Virginie Lalia,Grégoire Augé,T. Jean Daou,T. Jean Daou +9 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focus on porous sorbents for the capture and storage of radioactive iodine compounds, and discuss the concerns with, and limitations of, the existing porosity with respect to operating conditions and their capacities for iodine capture.
Journal ArticleDOI
Environmental Exposures and Autoimmune Thyroid Disease
TL;DR: Understanding the association of environmental agents with thyroid dysfunction can be utilized to reduce the risk to populations and knowledge of the specific factors that trigger autoimmune thyroid disease and their mode of action may also inform risk reduction in the individual patient.
Toxicological profile for iodine
TL;DR: This edition supersedes any previously released draft or final profile and reflects a comprehensive and extensive evaluation, summary, and interpretation of available toxicologic and epidemiologic information on a substance.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Use of Povidone Iodine Nasal Spray and Mouthwash During the Current COVID-19 Pandemic May Reduce Cross Infection and Protect Healthcare Workers
TL;DR: A protocolised intra-nasal and oral application of PVP-I is proposed for both patients and their attendant healthcare workers (HCWs) during the current COVID-19 pandemic to help limit the spread of SARS-CoV-2 from patients to healthcare workers and vice versa.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Thyroid Cancer after Exposure to External Radiation: A Pooled Analysis of Seven Studies
Elaine Ron,Jay H. Lubin,Roy E. Shore,Kiyohiko Mabuchi,Baruch Modan,Linda M. Pottern,Arthur B. Schneider,Margaret A. Tucker,John D. Boice +8 more
TL;DR: Based on limited data, there was a suggestion that spreading dose over time (from a few days to > 1 year) may lower risk, possibly due to the opportunity for cellular repair mechanisms to operate.
Journal ArticleDOI
Pendred syndrome is caused by mutations in a putative sulphate transporter gene (PDS)
Lorraine A. Everett,Benjamin Glaser,John S. Beck,Jacquelyn R. Idol,Andreas Buchs,Ma’ayan Heyman,Faiad Adawi,Elizur Hazani,Elias Nassir,Andreas D. Baxevanis,Val C. Sheffield,Eric D. Green +11 more
TL;DR: These studies provide compelling evidence that defects in pendrin cause Pendred syndrome thereby launching a new area of investigation into thyroid physiology, the pathogenesis of congenital deafness and the role of altered sulphate transport in human disease.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cloning and characterization of the thyroid iodide transporter.
Ge Dai,Orlie Levy,Nancy Carrasco +2 more
TL;DR: To the authors' knowledge, this is the first iodide-transporting molecule to have its cDNA cloned, providing a missing link in the thyroid hormone biosynthetic pathway.
Journal ArticleDOI
Maternal-fetal transfer of thyroxine in congenital hypothyroidism due to a total organification defect or thyroid agenesis.
TL;DR: It is concluded that in infants with severe congenital hypothyroidism, substantial amounts of T4 are transferred from mother to fetus during late gestation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cloning of the Human Sodium Iodide Symporter
Patricia A. Smanik,Qing-Rong Liu,Tara L. Furminger,Kwon-Yul Ryu,Shunhua Xing,Ernest L. Mazzaferri,Sissy M. Jhiang +6 more
TL;DR: The nucleotide and amino acid sequence of the human sodium iodide symporter (hNIS), which mediates the iodide uptake activity in the thyroid gland, is reported, which contains a protein of 643 amino acids with 84% identity to the rat NIS (rNIS).
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